Finance calculators

Tax Calculator

Updated Jun 21, 2026 By Jehan Wadia
Formulas
Filing Information
Brackets & limits adjust by year.
Drives state income tax.
Enter a valid age (0–120).
65+ adds an extra standard deduction.
Drives the Child Tax Credit.
Optional city/county rate (%).
Income
Box 1 of Form W-2 (gross).
Net profit. Subject to 15.3% SE tax.
Taxed as ordinary income.
Taxed at 0% / 15% / 20%.
0–85% may be taxable.
Rental, gambling, alimony (pre-2019), etc.
Box 2 of W-2 (all forms combined).
Deductions, Contributions & Credits
A · Deductions
Standard deduction applied automatically for your status & age.
Above-the-line, capped at $2,500.
Educator expenses, etc.

B · Retirement Contributions

C · Tax Credits
Qualifying care costs (≈20% credit).
AOTC ≤ $2,500 · LLC ≤ $2,000.
Energy, saver's credit, etc.
Child Tax Credit & EITC are estimated automatically.

Estimated Federal Refund
$0
State: $0
Effective Tax Rate
Gross Income
$0
Adjusted Gross Income
$0
Taxable Income
$0
Total Tax
$0
Take-Home Pay
Annual Take-Home
$0
Monthly
$0
Bi-Weekly
$0
Weekly
$0
Full Tax Breakdown
Tax TypeTaxable BaseTaxEffective Rate
Income Summary
Where Your Gross Income Goes
AllocationAmount% of Gross
Federal Bracket Breakdown
RateIncome in BracketTax
Tax Year Comparison
Line ItemYear AYear BDifference
What-If Scenarios
Drag a slider to instantly update every result above.
Step-by-Step Solution
Summary


Introduction

This free tax calculator helps you estimate your federal and state income taxes in just a few steps. Enter your income, filing status, deductions, and credits to find out if you will get a refund or owe money. The calculator covers W-2 wages, self-employment income, capital gains, FICA taxes, and more. It works for the 2023, 2024, and 2025 tax years and supports all 50 states.

You will see a full breakdown of your tax bill, your effective tax rate, and your take-home pay. The tool also shows how each dollar of your income is split between federal tax, state tax, payroll tax, retirement savings, and the money you keep. Use the built-in what-if sliders to see how changes to your wages, 401(k) contributions, or charitable donations affect your bottom line.

How to Use Our Tax Calculator

Enter your income, filing details, deductions, and credits below. The calculator will estimate your federal and state taxes, your refund or amount owed, and your take-home pay.

Filing Information

Tax Year: Pick the tax year you want to calculate. The calculator adjusts tax brackets and limits for each year.

State: Select the state where you live. This sets your state income tax rate.

Your Age: Enter your current age. If you are 65 or older, you get a higher standard deduction.

Spouse Age: This field appears if you file jointly. Enter your spouse's age so the calculator can apply any extra deduction for seniors.

Number of Dependents: Enter the total number of people you claim as dependents on your tax return.

Qualifying Children Under 17: Enter the number of your dependents who are under age 17. This drives the Child Tax Credit.

Local Income Tax Rate: If your city or county charges an income tax, enter the rate as a percentage. Leave it at zero if none applies.

Filing Status: Choose the status that matches your situation: Single, Married Filing Jointly, Married Filing Separately, Head of Household, or Qualifying Surviving Spouse.

Claimed as a Dependent: Select "Yes" if someone else, like a parent, can claim you as a dependent on their return. This may reduce your standard deduction.

Income

W-2 Available: Choose "Yes" if you have your W-2 forms handy. Choose "No" if you are working from estimates.

W-2 Wages / Salary: Enter your total wages from Box 1 of all your W-2 forms. If you need to convert an hourly rate to an annual figure, try our salary calculator.

Self-Employment / 1099 Income: Enter your net profit from freelance or contract work. This income is subject to self-employment tax.

Ordinary Dividends & Interest: Enter dividends and interest that are taxed at your regular income tax rate. For more detail on dividend income, see our dividend calculator.

Qualified Dividends & Long-Term Capital Gains: Enter income that qualifies for the lower capital gains tax rates of 0%, 15%, or 20%.

Social Security Benefits: Enter your total Social Security income. The calculator figures out how much of it is taxable.

Retirement / Pension Distributions: Enter any money you took out of a retirement account. Check the Roth box if the money came from a Roth account, since Roth withdrawals are usually not taxed.

Other Taxable Income: Enter any other income such as rental income, gambling winnings, or alimony received before 2019. If you won the lottery, our lottery tax calculator can help estimate those taxes separately.

Federal Tax Withheld: Enter the total federal tax already taken out of your paychecks. Find this in Box 2 of your W-2. For a deeper look at withholding, try our tax withholding calculator.

State Tax Withheld: Enter the total state tax already taken out of your paychecks during the year.

Deductions

Deduction Type: Choose "Standard" to use the flat deduction the IRS gives every filer. Choose "Itemized" if you want to list your actual expenses instead.

Mortgage Interest: Enter the interest you paid on your home loan during the year. This only applies if you itemize. Our mortgage calculator can help you estimate how much of your payment goes toward interest.

State & Local Taxes (SALT): Enter the state and local taxes you paid, including property taxes and state income taxes. The IRS caps this deduction at $10,000, or $5,000 if you file separately.

Charitable Donations (Cash): Enter any cash donations you made to qualifying charities.

Charitable Donations (Non-Cash): Enter the value of items like clothing or furniture you donated to charity.

Medical & Dental: Enter your total medical and dental costs. Only the amount that exceeds 7.5% of your AGI counts as a deduction.

Other Itemized Deductions: Enter any other itemized deductions not covered above.

Student Loan Interest: Enter the interest you paid on student loans. This is an above-the-line deduction capped at $2,500, and it works whether you itemize or not.

Other Pre-Tax Deductions: Enter other above-the-line deductions like educator expenses.

Retirement Contributions

401(k) / 403(b): Enter the amount you contributed to your workplace retirement plan. The calculator caps this at the IRS annual limit for your tax year and age. Use our 401(k) calculator to see how your contributions grow over time.

Traditional IRA: Enter your contribution to a Traditional IRA. This lowers your taxable income up to the annual limit.

HSA Contribution: Enter how much you put into a Health Savings Account. This is tax-deductible up to the IRS family limit.

Tax Credits

Child / Dependent Care Expenses: Enter the amount you paid for daycare or dependent care so you could work. The calculator applies a 20% credit on qualifying costs.

Education Expenses: Enter tuition and education costs. Then choose AOTC (up to $2,500 credit) or LLC (up to $2,000 credit) from the dropdown. If you're saving for future education costs, check out our 529 calculator.

Other Tax Credits: Enter any other credits you qualify for, such as energy credits or the saver's credit.

Once all fields are filled in, click Calculate to see your results. The Child Tax Credit and Earned Income Tax Credit are estimated for you automatically. Use the What-If Scenarios sliders to see how changes to your wages, 401(k), or charitable giving affect your taxes in real time.

How This Income Tax Calculator Works

This free income tax calculator estimates how much you owe in federal and state taxes — or how big your refund might be. Enter your wages, filing status, deductions, and credits, and the tool does the math for you in seconds.

What It Calculates

The calculator figures out your adjusted gross income (AGI), taxable income, and total tax bill based on the IRS tax brackets for 2023, 2024, and 2025. It covers federal income tax, state income tax, Social Security, Medicare, self-employment tax, and net investment income tax. It also applies common tax credits like the Child Tax Credit and Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) automatically.

Who Should Use It

This tool is built for W-2 employees, freelancers, and retirees who want a quick look at their tax picture. Whether you file as single, married filing jointly, head of household, or another status, the calculator adjusts the standard deduction and bracket thresholds to match. It supports all 50 states, including states with no income tax like Texas, Florida, and Washington. If you are in California, you may also find our California paycheck calculator helpful for a state-specific breakdown.

Key Features

Beyond a basic tax estimate, this calculator shows your effective tax rate, a full bracket-by-bracket breakdown, and your take-home pay split into monthly, bi-weekly, and weekly amounts. The what-if sliders let you see how changing your salary, 401(k) contributions, or charitable donations would change your taxes instantly. A built-in year-over-year comparison shows how your tax bill shifts between tax years.

Important Things to Know

This calculator gives you an estimate, not exact numbers. Your real tax return may differ based on details this tool does not cover, such as rental property depreciation, foreign income, or less common credits. For a closer look at your bonus withholding, try our bonus tax calculator, and use the paycheck calculator to estimate your net pay each period. Always check with a tax professional or use IRS-approved software when you file. Tax laws change often, so use the correct tax year for the most accurate results.


Formulas used

Adjusted Gross Income (AGI)
\text{AGI} = \left(W\text{-}2 + SE + \text{Ordinary} + \text{Qualified} + \text{Taxable SS} + \text{Retirement} + \text{Other}\right) - \text{Above-the-line Adjustments}
Taxable Income
\text{Taxable Income} = \max\!\left(0,\; \text{AGI} - \text{Deduction}\right)
Federal Progressive Bracket Tax
T_{\text{fed}} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} r_i \times \left[\min\!\left(\text{Income},\, b_i\right) - b_{i-1}\right]^{+}
Self-Employment Tax
\text{SE}_{\text{net}} = 0.9235 \times \text{SE Income}, \quad T_{\text{SE}} = \min\!\left(\text{SE}_{\text{net}},\, \text{SS remaining}\right) \times 0.124 + \text{SE}_{\text{net}} \times 0.029
FICA (Payroll) Tax
T_{\text{FICA}} = \min\!\left(W\text{-}2,\, \text{SSWB}\right) \times 0.062 + W\text{-}2 \times 0.0145 + \max\!\left(0,\, W\text{-}2 - \text{Threshold}\right) \times 0.009
Effective Tax Rate
r_{\text{eff}} = \frac{T_{\text{fed}} + T_{\text{FICA}} + T_{\text{SE}} + T_{\text{state}} + T_{\text{local}}}{\text{Gross Income}}
Federal Refund or Amount Owed
\text{Refund} = \text{Withheld} - \left(T_{\text{fed}} + T_{\text{AMT}} + T_{\text{NIIT}} + T_{\text{SE}} - \text{Credits} - \text{EITC}\right)
Annual Take-Home Pay
\text{Take-Home} = \text{Gross Income} - \left(T_{\text{fed}} + T_{\text{FICA}} + T_{\text{SE}} + T_{\text{state}} + T_{\text{local}} - \text{Credits} - \text{EITC}\right) - \text{Retirement Contributions}

Frequently asked questions

Is this tax calculator free to use?

Yes. This tax calculator is 100% free. There are no sign-ups, no fees, and no hidden costs. You can run as many calculations as you want.

Which tax years does this calculator support?

It supports the 2023, 2024, and 2025 tax years. The brackets, standard deduction, and contribution limits update automatically when you change the tax year.

Do I need my W-2 to use this calculator?

No. If you don't have your W-2 yet, select "No (estimate)" and enter your best guesses for wages and withholding. The results will be approximate but still useful for planning.

How accurate is this tax calculator?

It gives a close estimate for most filers. However, it does not cover every situation, such as foreign income, rental depreciation, or uncommon credits. Always confirm your final numbers with a tax professional or IRS-approved software before you file.

What is the difference between a tax refund and taxes owed?

A refund means your employer withheld more tax from your paychecks than you actually owe. The IRS sends the extra money back to you. Taxes owed means not enough was withheld, so you must pay the difference when you file.

What is the difference between effective tax rate and marginal tax rate?

Your effective tax rate is the total tax you pay divided by your total income. It shows your real overall rate. Your marginal tax rate is the rate on the last dollar you earned. It is usually higher because the U.S. uses a graduated bracket system.

Should I choose the standard deduction or itemized deductions?

Pick whichever one is larger. The calculator shows both amounts. If your mortgage interest, state taxes, and charitable gifts add up to more than the standard deduction, itemizing saves you more. Otherwise, the standard deduction is the better choice.

What is AGI and why does it matter?

Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) is your total income minus above-the-line deductions like 401(k) contributions, IRA contributions, and student loan interest. Many tax credits and deductions use your AGI to decide if you qualify or how much you get.

How does the Child Tax Credit work in this calculator?

The calculator gives you up to $2,000 per qualifying child under age 17. The credit starts to phase out at $200,000 of AGI for single filers and $400,000 for married filing jointly. You just enter the number of qualifying children and the tool does the rest.

Does this calculator include Social Security and Medicare taxes?

Yes. It calculates Social Security tax (6.2% up to the wage base limit) and Medicare tax (1.45% on all wages, plus 0.9% on high earners) for W-2 income. For self-employment income, it applies the full 15.3% self-employment tax.

How does the calculator handle self-employment income?

It multiplies your net self-employment income by 92.35%, then applies the 15.3% SE tax rate (12.4% Social Security + 2.9% Medicare). It also deducts half of the SE tax from your income as an above-the-line adjustment, which lowers your AGI.

What if my state has no income tax?

If you live in a state with no income tax, like Texas, Florida, Alaska, Nevada, Wyoming, Washington, South Dakota, Tennessee, or New Hampshire, the calculator sets your state tax to $0 automatically.

What is the SALT deduction cap?

The State and Local Tax (SALT) deduction is capped at $10,000 per return, or $5,000 if you are married filing separately. This cap covers property taxes, state income taxes, and local taxes combined.

How do the what-if sliders work?

The sliders let you drag to change your W-2 wages, 401(k) contribution, or charitable donations. Every result on the page updates instantly so you can see how each change affects your taxes, refund, and take-home pay without re-entering all your information.

What is the Earned Income Tax Credit and how is it calculated?

The EITC is a refundable credit for low- to moderate-income workers. The amount depends on your earned income, AGI, filing status, and number of children. This calculator estimates it automatically based on IRS tables for the tax year you select.

How does the year-over-year comparison work?

The calculator takes your exact inputs and runs them through two different tax years. It then shows the difference in federal tax, state tax, effective rate, refund, and take-home pay side by side so you can see how bracket and deduction changes between years affect you.

Are Roth retirement distributions taxed?

No, in most cases. Qualified Roth withdrawals are tax-free. Check the "From a Roth account" box and the calculator will exclude that amount from your taxable income.

What is the Net Investment Income Tax?

The NIIT is a 3.8% tax on investment income like dividends and capital gains. It only applies if your AGI is above $200,000 (single) or $250,000 (married filing jointly). The calculator adds it automatically when you cross the threshold.

How much of my Social Security income is taxable?

It depends on your other income. Up to 85% of your Social Security benefits can be taxed. The calculator uses IRS formulas to figure out the exact taxable portion based on your total income and filing status.

What is the AMT and will this calculator flag it?

The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) is a parallel tax system that limits certain deductions. If your tentative minimum tax is higher than your regular tax, the calculator adds the extra amount and shows a warning so you know AMT may apply to you.

Does the extra standard deduction for seniors apply automatically?

Yes. If you enter an age of 65 or older, the calculator adds the extra standard deduction amount for your filing status. For married filing jointly, it checks both your age and your spouse's age.

Can I use this calculator if someone claims me as a dependent?

Yes. Select "Yes" under "Can someone claim you as a dependent?" The calculator will reduce your standard deduction to the smaller amount the IRS allows for dependents.

What does the donut chart show?

The donut chart shows how your gross income is split into five parts: federal income tax, FICA/payroll tax, state and local tax, retirement contributions, and take-home pay. It gives you a quick visual of where every dollar goes.

Does the calculator save my information?

No. All calculations happen in your browser. Nothing is saved, stored, or sent to a server. If you close or refresh the page, your inputs will reset to the default values.