Finance calculators

UK Income Tax Calculator

Updated Oct 7, 2026 By Infinity Calculator
Rate Formulas Sources
Your Salary
Enter pay before tax for the period selected.
Tax Year and Region
Region (where you live)
Scotland uses its own income tax bands.
Pension Contributions
Relief at Source: the figure entered is the gross amount into your pot — you pay 80% from net pay and HMRC adds 20%. Salary Sacrifice: deducted from gross pay before tax and National Insurance.
Used for the employer cost figure only.
Student Loan
Leave all unticked if you have no student loan.
Personal Circumstances
People over State Pension age do not pay employee National Insurance.
If you have more than one job, run this calculator separately for each job using the relevant HMRC tax code for that position.
Results update automatically as you change any input.
Tax Year: 2026/27 — 6 April 2026 to 5 April 2027
Net take-home — Annual
£0.00
Net take-home — Monthly
£0.00
Net take-home — Weekly
£0.00
Effective income tax rate
0.0%
Income tax as a share of gross pay.
Marginal rate (tax + employee NI)
0.0%
Rate applied to your next £1 of earnings.
Full Breakdown by Pay Period
Item % of Gross Annual Monthly 4-Weekly 2-Weekly Weekly Daily Hourly
How Your Income Fills the Tax Bands
Where Your Gross Pay Goes
    Estimated Total Cost to Employer
    "What Gross Do I Need?" Reverse Calculator
    Gross salary needed
    £0.00
    Estimate based on all current calculator settings (tax year, region, pension type, student loans, NI category and allowances).
    Step-by-Step Solution

    Introduction

    This UK Income Tax Calculator shows you what is left from your pay after tax. Type in your salary, pick how often you get paid, and see your take-home pay per year, month, week, day, and hour.

    The tool works out your Income Tax, National Insurance, pension, and student loan repayments. It covers England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and tax years from 2019/20 up to 2026/27. Scotland has its own tax bands, so pick the right region to get the right answer.3

    You can also add extra details if you need them. Put in your HMRC tax code, your NI category letter, rental income, Marriage Allowance, or Blind Person's Allowance. There is a reverse calculator too: tell it the take-home pay you want, and it tells you the gross salary you need.

    Every result comes with a full breakdown. You can see how your money fills each tax band, where your gross pay goes, what you cost your employer, and a step-by-step look at the math. Results update as you type, so you can test different salaries and pension amounts right away.

    How to use our UK Income Tax Calculator

    Enter your pay, your tax year, where you live and any pension or student loan details. The calculator shows your income tax, National Insurance, student loan, pension and net take-home pay per year, month, week, day and hour.

    Gross salary / wage: Type your pay before any tax is taken off.

    Pay period: Pick how often you get that pay, such as per year, per month or per hour.

    Salary slider: Drag it to change your yearly pay quickly and watch the results update.

    Hours worked per week: Enter your normal weekly hours. This sets your hourly pay figures.

    Days worked per week: Enter how many days you work each week. This sets your daily pay figures.

    Tax year: Choose the tax year you want to work out, from 2019/20 to 2026/27.

    Region: Pick England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. Scotland has its own tax bands and rates.

    Your contribution: Enter how much you pay into your pension.

    Entered as: Say if that pension figure is a percent of your gross pay or a pound amount.

    Pension type: Choose Relief at Source or Salary Sacrifice. Salary sacrifice cuts your tax and National Insurance.10

    Employer contribution: Enter the percent your employer adds. This only changes the employer cost figure.

    Student loan: Tick each plan you repay (Plan 1, 2, 4, 5 or Postgraduate). Leave all blank if you have no loan.

    Age group: Pick your age band. People over State Pension age pay no employee National Insurance.5

    NI category letter: In Advanced Options, pick the letter from your payslip. Most workers are category A.

    Tax code: Enter your HMRC code, like 1257L, if you know it. It replaces the standard allowance rules.

    Married or civil partnership: Tick this box, then add your partner's yearly income to check Marriage Allowance.

    Registered blind: Tick this to add the Blind Person's Allowance to your tax-free pay.1

    Rental income: Enter your yearly rent received, then add your allowable costs. Rental profit is taxed but pays no National Insurance.24

    Other adjustments: Enter a plus figure for extra taxable items like a company car, or a minus figure for other pre-tax deductions.

    Target take-home pay: In the reverse calculator, enter the net pay you want and the period. It shows the gross salary you need.

    UK Income Tax Explained

    Income tax is money you pay to the government from what you earn. If you work for an employer in the UK, your tax is taken out of your pay before you get it. This is called PAYE (Pay As You Earn). What is left after tax and other deductions is your take-home pay, also called net pay.

    Personal Allowance

    You do not pay tax on every pound you earn. The first slice is tax free. This is the Personal Allowance, and it is £12,570 for most people in the 2026 to 2027 tax year.1 If you earn more than £100,000, the allowance drops by £1 for every £2 above that line.1 It reaches zero at £125,140.1

    Tax Bands and Rates

    Income tax is charged in steps, not all at one rate. Only the money inside each step is taxed at that step's rate. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland there are three main rates:

    • Basic rate, 20% on taxable income up to £37,7002
    • Higher rate, 40% on income above that, up to £125,1402
    • Additional rate, 45% on anything over £125,1402

    Scotland sets its own rates. Scottish taxpayers have six bands, from a 19% starter rate up to a 48% top rate.3 Where you live decides which set of bands you use, not where you work.4

    National Insurance

    National Insurance (NI) is a second deduction from your wages. It helps you qualify for the State Pension and some benefits.5 Employees pay 8% on earnings between £12,570 and £50,270 a year, and 2% on anything above that.6 For the 2023 to 2024 tax year the tool uses HMRC's whole-year rate of 11.5%, because the main rate fell from 12% to 10% on 6 January 2024.25 For the 2022 to 2023 tax year it uses the whole-year rate of 12.73%.26 You stop paying employee NI once you reach State Pension age.5 Your employer also pays NI on your wages, and that part is not deducted from your pay.6

    Student Loans

    If you went to university, you may repay a student loan through your pay. You only pay when you earn over the threshold for your plan, and you pay 9% of the amount above it (6% for a Postgraduate Loan).7 Plan 1, Plan 2, Plan 4 (Scotland) and Plan 5 all have different thresholds.7 Plan 5 loans come into repayment from April 2026.27 If you have more than one of these plans, you repay 9% once, over the lowest of their thresholds.7

    Pensions Cut Your Tax

    Paying into a pension lowers your tax bill. There are two common ways:

    • Relief at Source: you pay from your net wages, and your pension provider claims 20% tax relief and adds it to your pot.9
    • Salary Sacrifice: your pay is cut before tax, so you save both income tax and National Insurance.10

    Your Tax Code

    Your tax code tells your employer how much tax-free pay you get.11 The common code is 1257L, which means £12,570 tax free.12 Codes like BR, D0 or 0T mean no allowance is given.12 A K code means you owe extra tax, often from a company car or other benefits.12 Codes with S or C at the front mean Scottish or Welsh rates.12 Check your code on your payslip, P45 or P60, because a wrong code means you pay too much or too little.

    Effective Rate vs Marginal Rate

    Your effective rate is the total tax you pay divided by your total pay. Your marginal rate is the tax on your next pound earned. The marginal rate is always higher once you cross a band line, which is why a pay rise never gets taxed at one flat rate across your whole salary.

    Key Dates

    The UK tax year runs from 6 April to 5 April.1 Rates, bands and thresholds can change each April, so always check figures against the right tax year.

    Formulas used

    Annualised gross salary from pay period
    \text{Gross annual} = \text{Entered pay} \times m, \quad m \in \{1,\,12,\,13,\,26,\,52,\,52d,\,52h\}
    Adjusted gross income (after salary sacrifice)
    \text{Adjusted gross} = \big(\text{Gross salary} + \text{Rental income} - \text{Rental expenses} + \text{Other}\big) - \text{Salary sacrifice}
    Tax-free personal allowance (with taper, blind and marriage allowance) 1
    A = \left(\text{PA} - \frac{(G_{adj} - 100000)^{+}}{2}\right)^{+} + \text{BPA} \pm \text{MA}
    Income tax by band 2
    T = \sum_{i} r_i \cdot \left(\min(\text{Taxable},\, L_i) - L_{i-1}\right)^{+}, \quad \text{Taxable} = \left(G_{adj} - A\right)^{+}
    Employee National Insurance 6
    NI = r_{main}\cdot\left(\min(P,\text{UEL}) - \text{PT}\right)^{+} + r_{upper}\cdot\left(P - \text{UEL}\right)^{+}
    Student loan repayment 7
    SL = \left\lfloor 9\% \times \left(G_{adj} - Th_{low}\right)^{+} \right\rfloor + \left\lfloor 6\% \times \left(G_{adj} - Th_{PG}\right)^{+} \right\rfloor
    Pension contribution (relief at source vs salary sacrifice) 9
    C_{\text{net}} = 80\% \times C_{\text{gross}},\quad \text{Tax relief} = 20\% \times C_{\text{gross}};\qquad C_{\text{sacrifice}} = C_{\text{gross}}
    Net take-home pay and employer cost
    \text{Net} = \text{Total gross} - T - NI - SL - C_{\text{employee}},\qquad \text{Employer cost} = \text{Salary} + NI_{\text{er}} + \text{Pension}_{\text{er}}

    Frequently asked questions

    How much take-home pay do you get on a £30,000 salary?

    In the 2026/27 tax year, someone in England on £30,000 with no pension or student loan keeps about £25,120 a year, or roughly £2,093 a month.

    • Income tax: £3,486 (20% on £17,430)
    • National Insurance: £1,394 (8% on £17,430)

    The first £12,570 is tax free, so only the rest is taxed.

    Why do people say there is a 60% tax trap at £100,000?

    Once you earn over £100,000, you lose £1 of Personal Allowance for every £2 you earn above the line.1 So extra pay is taxed at 40%, and more of your old tax-free pay becomes taxable.

    The real rate on money between £100,000 and £125,140 works out at about 60%. In Scotland it is closer to 67.5%.

    Paying more into a pension can bring your income back under £100,000 and restore the allowance.

    How is a bonus taxed in the UK?

    A bonus is treated like normal pay. It goes through PAYE and is taxed at your normal rates, plus National Insurance.

    The catch is that a big bonus can push that month's pay into the 40% band, so the deduction looks huge. PAYE usually sorts itself out over the rest of the year, since tax is worked out on your total pay to date.

    Is overtime taxed at a higher rate?

    No. Overtime is taxed at the same rates as the rest of your pay.

    It can feel higher because extra hours may push part of your pay into the next tax band. Only the money above the band line is taxed at the higher rate, not your whole wage.

    How much can you earn before paying National Insurance?

    Employees start paying National Insurance once they earn more than £12,570 a year.6 That is about £1,048 a month or £242 a week.6

    Above that you pay 8% up to £50,270 a year, then 2% on anything more.6 NI is worked out on each pay packet, not on your yearly total, so one big month can trigger NI even if your year total is low.

    How is a second job taxed?

    Your Personal Allowance is normally used by your main job with a code like 1257L.12 The second job often gets a BR code, which taxes every pound at the basic rate, or D0, which taxes it at the higher rate.12

    National Insurance is worked out on each job on its own, so you may pay less NI than someone earning the same amount from one job.5

    What is an emergency tax code?

    An emergency code is used when your employer does not have your previous pay and tax details, often after starting a new job without a P45.13

    Codes end in W1, M1 or X.13 They tax each pay period on its own, as if you were paid that amount every week or month of the year, so you can pay the wrong amount at first.13 HMRC usually updates your code once it has your details, which can take up to 35 days, and any tax you overpaid can be refunded.13

    How do you claim back tax if you paid too much?

    If you are still working, a corrected tax code usually gives the money back in your next payslip.

    If not, check your HMRC personal tax account online or wait for a P800 letter, which shows any refund.14 A claim for overpaid tax can be made up to 4 years after the end of the tax year it relates to.28 Common causes are a wrong tax code, leaving a job part way through the year, or having two jobs.

    Is the Personal Allowance different in Scotland?

    No. The £12,570 Personal Allowance is set by the UK government and is the same across the UK.3

    What Scotland sets is the rates and bands on earnings above the allowance. Scotland has six bands from 19% up to 48%, while England, Wales and Northern Ireland have three: 20%, 40% and 45%.2

    How much is Marriage Allowance worth?

    Up to £252 a year.15 The lower earner passes £1,260 of unused Personal Allowance to their husband, wife or civil partner.15

    To qualify, one partner must earn under £12,570 and the other must be a basic rate taxpayer.15 You can also backdate a claim to 6 April 2022, the start of the 2022 to 2023 tax year.15 Four back years can be worth around £1,000.

    Do pensioners pay income tax on the State Pension?

    Yes, the State Pension counts as taxable income.16 Any tax due on it is usually taken by your private pension provider, or by your employer from your wages.18 If the State Pension is your only income and you owe tax, HMRC sends you a Simple Assessment bill.18

    If your total income stays under £12,570, you pay no income tax.17 Once you reach State Pension age you stop paying employee National Insurance, even if you keep working.5

    When are student loans written off?

    It depends on your plan:

    • Plan 1: age 65 for older loans, or 25 years after repayments were due for newer ones8
    • Plan 2: 30 years8
    • Plan 4 (Scotland): 30 years8
    • Plan 5: 40 years8
    • Postgraduate Loan: 30 years8

    Loans are also cancelled if you die, and may be cancelled if you cannot work because of illness or disability.8

    Do you pay tax on savings interest?

    Most people do not. Basic rate taxpayers get a £1,000 Personal Savings Allowance, higher rate taxpayers get £500, and additional rate taxpayers get nothing.20

    Interest inside an ISA is always tax free and does not count.19 If you owe tax on interest, HMRC often collects it by changing your tax code.21

    Do you pay tax on rental income under £1,000?

    No. There is a £1,000 property allowance, so rent up to that amount is tax free and does not need reporting.22

    Above £1,000 you can deduct either the £1,000 allowance or your actual expenses, and the rest is taxed at your normal income tax rates.22 Rental profit does not pay National Insurance, but it can push your job income into a higher tax band.

    Do you lose Child Benefit if you earn over £60,000?

    You start to lose it. The High Income Child Benefit Charge applies when the higher earner's income tops £60,000.23 You pay back 1% of the benefit for every £200 over, so it is all clawed back at £80,000.23

    Pension contributions and salary sacrifice lower the income figure used, which can cut or remove the charge.23

    Sources

    1. Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    2. Income Tax rates and allowances for current and past years. HM Revenue & Customs. Tax rates and bands. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    3. Income Tax in Scotland: current rates. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    4. Income Tax in Scotland: who pays. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    5. National Insurance: introduction. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    6. Rates and thresholds for employers 2026 to 2027. HM Revenue & Customs. 2026;Class 1 National Insurance thresholds and rates. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    7. Repaying your student loan: how much you repay. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    8. Repaying your student loan: when your student loan gets written off or cancelled. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    9. Tax on your private pension contributions: tax relief. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    10. Salary sacrifice and the effects on PAYE. HM Revenue & Customs. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    11. Tax codes. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    12. Tax codes: what your tax code means. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    13. Tax codes: emergency tax codes. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    14. Tax overpayments and underpayments. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    15. Marriage Allowance. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    16. Tax when you get a pension: what's taxed. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    17. Tax when you get a pension: what's tax-free. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    18. Tax when you get a pension: how your tax is paid. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    19. Tax on savings interest. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    20. Tax on savings interest: how much is tax free. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    21. Tax on savings interest: how you pay tax on savings interest. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    22. Tax-free allowances on property and trading income. HM Revenue & Customs. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    23. High Income Child Benefit Charge. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    24. Renting out your property: paying tax and National Insurance. GOV.UK. Accessed September 26, 2026.
    25. Rates and thresholds for employers 2023 to 2024. HM Revenue & Customs. Accessed October 7, 2026.
    26. Rates and thresholds for employers 2022 to 2023. HM Revenue & Customs. Accessed October 7, 2026.
    27. Student Loans Interest Rates and Repayment Threshold Announcement. Department for Education. 2025. Accessed October 7, 2026.
    28. Taxes Management Act 1970, Schedule 1AB: Recovery of overpaid tax etc. legislation.gov.uk. para 3(1). Accessed October 7, 2026.

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