Health calculators

FEUrea Calculator

Updated Sep 16, 2026 By Infinity Calculator
Laboratory Values
(from BMP/CMP) — Enter BUN in mg/dL, or serum urea in mmol/L
Normal range: 6–21 mg/dL
(from BMP/CMP)
Normal range: 0.6–1.3 mg/dL
(from urine sample)
Normal range: 1,200–2,000 mg/dL
(from urine sample)
Normal range: 20–320 mg/dL
FEUrea Result
28.6%
Fractional Excretion of Urea
Pre-Renal
28.6%
Variable Entered Value Converted (mg/dL)
Step-by-Step Solution
Where This Result Falls on the FEUrea Scale

Introduction

The FEUrea calculator works out the fractional excretion of urea. This is the percent of urea your kidneys filter out and then send into your urine instead of taking it back into your blood. It helps show why a person's kidney numbers are off.

When someone has sudden kidney trouble (acute kidney injury), doctors want to know the cause. Is the problem low blood flow to the kidneys, called pre-renal? Or is the kidney tissue itself hurt, called intrinsic renal damage, such as ATN? FEUrea helps tell these apart. It is often used instead of FENa because it still works when a patient is taking a diuretic (water pill).

To use this tool, you need four lab values:

  • Serum urea or BUN (from a blood test)
  • Serum creatinine (from a blood test)
  • Urine urea (from a urine sample)
  • Urine creatinine (from a urine sample)

You can enter each one in mg/dL, mmol/L, or µmol/L. The calculator changes them all to the same unit for you.

Your result lands in one of three zones. Under 35% points to pre-renal causes, like dehydration. Between 35% and 50% is unclear and needs more testing. Over 50% points to damage inside the kidney. The tool also shows each math step and a chart, so you can see how the number was found.

This calculator gives information only. It does not replace a doctor. Always rule out a blocked urinary tract before you use this result to guide care.

How to use our FEUrea Calculator

Enter four lab values from a blood test and a urine test. The calculator gives you the fractional excretion of urea (FEUrea) as a percent, tells you if the result points to a pre-renal cause, an intrinsic kidney cause, or an unclear middle zone, and shows the math step by step.

Serum Urea / BUN (SUrea): Type the blood urea nitrogen value from the patient's BMP or CMP. Pick mg/dL or mmol/L in the drop-down next to the box. A normal blood level is about 6 to 21 mg/dL.

Serum Creatinine (SCr): Type the creatinine value from the same blood panel. Pick mg/dL or µmol/L. A normal blood level is about 0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL.

Urine Urea (UUrea): Type the urea value from the urine sample. Pick mg/dL or mmol/L. Urine urea is much higher than blood urea, often 1,200 to 2,000 mg/dL.

Urine Creatinine (UCr): Type the creatinine value from the same urine sample. Pick mg/dL or µmol/L. Urine creatinine often falls between 20 and 320 mg/dL.

Click Calculate to see your FEUrea result, the color zone it lands in, and the full solution. Click Reset to clear every box and start again. If you switch a unit, the number you typed is converted for you.

What Is the Fractional Excretion of Urea (FEUrea)?

The fractional excretion of urea, or FEUrea, is a simple lab test result that shows how much of the urea filtered by your kidneys ends up in your urine. Urea is a waste product your body makes when it breaks down protein. Healthy kidneys filter urea out of the blood, then take some of it back. FEUrea tells doctors how much the kidneys are holding on to.

Why Doctors Use It

When someone has sudden kidney trouble, called acute kidney injury (AKI), doctors need to find the cause. FEUrea helps sort two main groups:

  • Pre-renal AKI. The kidneys are fine, but not enough blood is reaching them. This can happen with dehydration, blood loss, heart failure, or liver disease. The kidneys hold on to water and urea, so FEUrea is low.
  • Intrinsic renal AKI. The kidney tissue itself is damaged, often from acute tubular necrosis (ATN), low blood flow over time, or drugs that harm the kidney. Damaged tubules cannot hold on to urea, so FEUrea is high.

What the Numbers Mean

  • Under 35%. A pre-renal cause is more likely. Fluids often help.
  • 35% to 50%. Unclear. More tests and a closer look at the patient are needed.
  • Over 50%. Intrinsic kidney damage, such as ATN, is more likely.

FEUrea vs. FENa

Doctors usually learn the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) first. The problem is that water pills (diuretics like furosemide) push sodium into the urine and make FENa look high, even when the real problem is low blood flow. Urea is handled mostly in a different part of the kidney, so FEUrea stays useful in patients taking diuretics. That is the main reason it is ordered.

What You Need for the Test

You need four lab values, drawn close together in time:

  • Serum urea or BUN (blood urea nitrogen) from a blood test
  • Serum creatinine from the same blood test
  • Urine urea from a spot urine sample
  • Urine creatinine from that same urine sample

The formula is: FEUrea = (Serum Creatinine × Urine Urea) ÷ (Serum Urea × Urine Creatinine) × 100. All four values must be in the same unit before you divide.

Things That Can Throw It Off

FEUrea is a clue, not a final answer. It can be misleading in people with chronic kidney disease, in older adults, in people on steroids or high-protein feeds, and in people with gut bleeding, since all of these change urea levels. Blocked urine flow (obstruction) should be ruled out first, usually with an ultrasound. Always read the number next to the patient's history, exam, urine test, and other labs.


Formulas used

Fractional Excretion of Urea (FEUrea)
FE_{Urea} = \frac{S_{Cr} \times U_{Urea}}{S_{Urea} \times U_{Cr}} \times 100\%
Urea unit conversion (mmol/L to mg/dL)
\text{Urea}_{mg/dL} = \text{Urea}_{mmol/L} \times 2.801
Creatinine unit conversion (\mu mol/L to mg/dL)
\text{Cr}_{mg/dL} = \frac{\text{Cr}_{\mu mol/L}}{88.42}
Interpretation zones
\begin{cases} FE_{Urea} < 35\% & \text{Pre-Renal} \\ 35\% \le FE_{Urea} \le 50\% & \text{Indeterminate} \\ FE_{Urea} > 50\% & \text{Intrinsic Renal} \end{cases}

Frequently asked questions

What is a normal FEUrea level?

In a healthy person with normal blood flow, FEUrea usually sits between about 35% and 50%. In sudden kidney injury, the number shifts. A value under 35% points to poor blood flow to the kidneys. A value over 50% points to damage inside the kidney tissue.

What is the formula for fractional excretion of urea?

FEUrea = (Serum Creatinine × Urine Urea) ÷ (Serum Urea × Urine Creatinine) × 100

All four lab values must be in the same unit first. If you mix mg/dL with mmol/L, the answer will be wrong.

Why is FEUrea used instead of FENa?

Water pills (diuretics) push sodium into the urine. That makes FENa look high even when the real problem is low blood flow. Urea is taken back mostly in a different part of the kidney, the proximal tubule, so diuretics affect it much less. That means FEUrea still gives a useful answer in patients on furosemide or similar drugs.

Does a low FEUrea mean dehydration?

Often, but not always. A FEUrea under 35% means the kidneys are holding on to urea because they sense low blood flow. Dehydration is one cause. Others include blood loss, heart failure, liver disease, sepsis, and vomiting or diarrhea. The lab number tells you the kidneys are thirsty for blood, not why.

What does a FEUrea over 50% mean?

It suggests the kidney tissue itself is hurt. Damaged tubules cannot pull urea back into the blood, so more of it spills into the urine. The most common cause is acute tubular necrosis (ATN), which can come from long periods of low blood pressure, sepsis, or drugs that harm the kidney like NSAIDs, contrast dye, or some antibiotics.

What is the difference between BUN and serum urea?

They measure the same thing in different ways. BUN counts only the nitrogen part of urea and is reported in mg/dL, mostly in the US. Serum urea counts the whole urea molecule and is usually reported in mmol/L. To switch: urea in mmol/L × 2.8 gives BUN in mg/dL. So a BUN of 28 mg/dL is about 10 mmol/L of urea.

How do you convert creatinine from µmol/L to mg/dL?

Divide the µmol/L value by 88.42. For example, 177 µmol/L ÷ 88.42 = 2.0 mg/dL. To go the other way, multiply mg/dL by 88.42.

Do you need a 24-hour urine collection for FEUrea?

No. A single spot urine sample works. FEUrea compares urea and creatinine inside the same sample, so the volume does not matter. The key is timing: the blood and urine samples should be taken close together, ideally within a few hours, so both show the same moment in the patient's course.

Can FEUrea be wrong?

Yes. It is a clue, not proof. It can mislead in people with chronic kidney disease, older adults, and anyone on steroids, high-protein tube feeds, or with bleeding in the gut, since all of these raise urea on their own. Low protein intake or liver disease can lower urea. A blocked urinary tract can also skew results, so obstruction should be ruled out first, usually with an ultrasound.

How does urea get back into the blood?

The kidney filters urea out of the blood at the glomerulus. Then the tubules pull much of it back. About 40% to 50% comes back in the proximal tubule, and more moves back in the inner medullary collecting duct, where the hormone vasopressin (ADH) controls it. When blood flow drops, ADH rises and the kidney keeps more urea. That is why FEUrea falls in pre-renal states.

What other tests help tell pre-renal AKI from ATN?

Doctors look at several things together: the BUN-to-creatinine ratio (over 20:1 hints at pre-renal), urine sodium, urine specific gravity and osmolality, and the urine sediment under a microscope. Muddy brown granular casts point strongly to ATN. A bedside exam for fluid status and a review of recent drugs matter just as much as any number.

Is FEUrea affected by kidney disease a person already has?

Yes. In chronic kidney disease, fewer working nephrons each handle more waste, so the baseline fractional excretion is already higher than normal. That can push FEUrea into the high range even when a new drop in blood flow is the real problem. In these patients the cutoffs are less reliable and the full clinical picture matters more.