Finance calculators

FERS Retirement Calculator

Updated Jun 22, 2026 By Jehan Wadia
Formulas
Dates & Federal Service
Used to find your MRA and your age at retirement.
RSCD = Retirement Service Computation Date; it may differ from your hire date.
Sets total service length and your age at retirement.
Military Service Credit
Salary & Benefit Elections
Average basic pay over your highest 3 consecutive years (no bonuses/overtime).
MRA+10 under age 62 applies a 5% reduction for each year you are under 62.
Full reduces your annuity 10% so your spouse receives 50% of the base annuity after your death.

Your FERS Pension Estimate

Minimum Retirement Age (MRA)
Total Creditable Service
Age at Retirement
Time Until Retirement
Estimated Annual Pension
Estimated Monthly Pension
Active Multiplier
Annuity Breakdown
Annuity Comparison
Step-by-Step Solution
FERS MRA Schedule (Your Birth Year Highlighted)
Year of BirthMinimum Retirement Age

Introduction

If you work for the federal government under the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS), you earn a pension based on your years of service and your highest average salary. This FERS retirement calculator helps you estimate how much that pension will be when you retire.

Just enter your date of birth, your service start date, your planned retirement date, and your high-3 average salary. The calculator does the math for you. It finds your Minimum Retirement Age (MRA), figures out your total years of service, picks the right pension multiplier (1.0% or 1.1%), and shows your estimated annual and monthly pension amount.

You can also add military service credit, unused sick leave hours, and choose a survivor benefit for your spouse. The tool shows a full step-by-step breakdown of how your FERS annuity is calculated, so you can see exactly where every number comes from.

Whether you are years away from retirement or getting close, this calculator gives you a clear picture of what to expect from your FERS basic benefit.

How to Use Our FERS Retirement Calculator

Enter your federal service details and salary below. The calculator will estimate your annual and monthly FERS pension, show which multiplier applies, and give you a full step-by-step breakdown of how your annuity is calculated.

Date of Birth: Enter the date you were born. This is used to find your Minimum Retirement Age (MRA) and how old you will be when you retire.

Federal Service Start Date (RSCD): Enter your Retirement Service Computation Date. This is the date OPM uses to measure your years of federal service. It may not be the same as your hire date.

Planned Retirement Date: Enter the date you plan to retire. This sets how many years of service you will have and your age at retirement.

Military Service Credit: Select "Yes" if you have creditable military service. Then enter the years and months you served. Tell us if you have made your military deposit to OPM, if you get a military retirement pension, or if you get a military disability pension. These answers determine whether your military time counts toward your FERS pension.

High-3 Average Salary: Enter the average of your basic pay during your highest-paid 3 consecutive years. Do not include bonuses, overtime, or locality adjustments beyond basic pay.

Retirement Type: Choose the type of retirement that fits your situation. Options include Regular Retirement, MRA+10 (age 62 or older), MRA+10 (under age 62), Voluntary Early Retirement (VERA), and Discontinued Service Retirement (DSR). If you pick MRA+10 under age 62, a 5% penalty is applied for each year you are under 62.

Unused Sick Leave Hours: Enter the number of sick leave hours you expect to have when you retire. These hours are converted into extra months of service credit for your pension calculation.

Marital Status: Select whether you are married or not married. If you are not married, the survivor benefit is automatically set to none.

Survivor Benefit Election: Choose how much of your pension you want your spouse to receive after your death. The full option (50%) reduces your pension by 10%. The partial option (25%) reduces it by 5%. Choosing none means no reduction and no benefit for a survivor.

Press Calculate FERS Pension to see your results. Press Reset Calculator to return all fields to their default values.

What Is a FERS Retirement Pension?

FERS stands for the Federal Employees Retirement System. It is the retirement plan that covers most civilian federal workers hired after 1986. When you retire from a federal job, FERS pays you a monthly pension for the rest of your life. This pension is based on three things: how long you worked, how much you earned, and how old you are when you retire.

How Your FERS Pension Is Calculated

Your FERS pension uses a simple formula. It takes your High-3 average salary, multiplies it by a percentage rate, and then multiplies that by your years of creditable service. Your High-3 is the average of your highest-paid three consecutive years of basic pay. It does not include overtime, bonuses, or locality adjustments above your base pay rate.

The percentage rate is usually 1%. But if you retire at age 62 or older with at least 20 years of service, the rate goes up to 1.1%. That small bump can add thousands of dollars to your annual pension.

What Counts as Creditable Service

Creditable service includes your years and months as a federal civilian employee. It can also include military service if you make a deposit to OPM (the Office of Personnel Management) to buy back that time. Unused sick leave hours are also added to your total service at retirement, but they do not count toward the 20-year requirement for the 1.1% multiplier.

Minimum Retirement Age (MRA)

Every FERS employee has a Minimum Retirement Age, or MRA. This is the youngest age at which you can retire with benefits. Your MRA depends on the year you were born. For people born in 1970 or later, the MRA is 57. For those born before 1948, it is 55. Birth years in between fall somewhere in the middle.

Types of FERS Retirement

There are several ways to retire under FERS:

  • Regular Retirement — You meet the age and service requirements with no penalty. Common combinations are age 62 with 5 years of service, age 60 with 20 years, or your MRA with 30 years.
  • MRA+10 Retirement — You reach your MRA and have at least 10 years of service. If you are under age 62, your pension is reduced by 5% for each year you are younger than 62.
  • VERA (Voluntary Early Retirement) — Offered during agency restructuring. You can retire at age 50 with 20 years of service or at any age with 25 years.
  • Discontinued Service Retirement (DSR) — Available if your job is eliminated through no fault of your own. The same age and service rules as VERA apply.

Survivor Benefits

If you are married, you can elect a survivor benefit so your spouse receives a portion of your pension after you pass away. A full survivor benefit gives your spouse 50% of your base annuity payout but reduces your pension by 10%. A partial survivor benefit gives 25% and costs 5%. You can also choose no survivor benefit, but your spouse must agree to that in writing. Depending on your situation, you may also want to evaluate whether a separate life insurance policy would provide additional financial protection for your family.


Formulas used

Sick Leave Service Credit
\text{Sick Leave Credit (years)} = \frac{\text{Unused Sick Leave Hours}}{2087}
Total Creditable Service
\text{Total Service} = \text{Federal Service} + \text{Military Credit} + \text{Sick Leave Credit}
Base Annual Annuity
\text{Base Annuity} = \text{High-3 Salary} \times \text{Multiplier} \times \text{Total Service}
MRA+10 Early Retirement Penalty (under age 62)
\text{Reduced Annuity} = \text{Base Annuity} \times \left(1 - (62 - \text{Age at Retirement}) \times 0.05\right)
Survivor Benefit Reduction
\text{Net Annuity} = \text{Reduced Annuity} \times \text{Survivor Factor}
Monthly Pension
\text{Monthly Pension} = \frac{\text{Net Annual Annuity}}{12}

Frequently asked questions

What is the High-3 average salary in FERS?

Your High-3 is the average of your basic pay during the 3 consecutive years when you earned the most. For most people, this is the last 3 years before retirement. It does not include overtime, bonuses, or awards. Only your base salary counts.

What is the difference between the 1.0% and 1.1% multiplier?

The standard FERS multiplier is 1.0%. If you retire at age 62 or older and have at least 20 years of creditable service (not counting sick leave), you get the enhanced 1.1% multiplier. This higher rate increases your pension by about 10%.

Does unused sick leave count toward the 20-year requirement for the 1.1% multiplier?

No. Sick leave hours add to your total years of service for the pension formula, but they do not count toward the 20 years needed to qualify for the 1.1% enhanced multiplier. Only actual federal civilian service and creditable military service count toward that requirement.

How are unused sick leave hours converted to service credit?

OPM divides your unused sick leave hours by 2,087 (the number of work hours in a year) to get extra years and months of service. For example, 1,000 hours equals about 5 months and 22 days of additional service credit.

What is the RSCD and how do I find mine?

RSCD stands for Retirement Service Computation Date. It is the date OPM uses to measure your years of federal service. It may be different from your hire date if you had breaks in service or prior federal employment. You can find your RSCD on your SF-50 form (Notification of Personnel Action) or by contacting your agency's HR office.

What happens to my pension if I retire before age 62 with MRA+10?

If you retire under MRA+10 and you are under age 62, your pension is reduced by 5% for each year you are younger than 62. For example, if you retire at age 57, that is 5 years early, so your pension is cut by 25%. This reduction is permanent.

Can I avoid the MRA+10 early retirement penalty?

Yes, in one way. If you postpone receiving your pension until you turn 62, the 5% per year penalty is removed. You will not get payments during the postponement period, but when payments start at 62, there is no reduction. You also keep your FEHB health insurance eligibility if you meet the requirements.

Do I have to elect a survivor benefit if I am married?

The full survivor benefit is the default for married FERS employees. If you want to choose a partial benefit or no benefit at all, your spouse must sign a written consent. Without that consent, the full survivor election applies automatically.

How does military service affect my FERS pension?

Military time can count as creditable service if you make a military service deposit to OPM. The deposit equals 3% of your military base pay plus interest. If you do not make the deposit, the time usually does not count. An exception is if you receive a military disability pension — in that case the time may still count without a deposit.

Can I count military time if I receive a military retirement pension?

Generally, no. If you are drawing a regular military retirement pension, that same time cannot also be credited toward your FERS pension. You would need to waive your military retired pay for the time to count under FERS. A military disability pension is handled differently and may still allow credit.

Is my FERS pension adjusted for inflation?

Yes. FERS retirees receive Cost-of-Living Adjustments (COLAs) each year, but they do not start until you turn age 62. The COLA is based on the Consumer Price Index. If inflation is 2% or less, you get the full amount. If it is between 2% and 3%, you get 2%. If it is above 3%, you get the CPI increase minus 1 percentage point.

Does this calculator include TSP or Social Security?

No. This calculator estimates only your FERS basic annuity (pension). FERS retirement has three parts: the basic annuity, the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP), and Social Security. You will need separate tools to estimate those other two benefits.

What does locality pay have to do with my High-3?

Locality pay is included in your High-3 calculation. Your basic pay for FERS purposes includes your base GS salary plus your locality adjustment. It does not include bonuses, overtime, or special pay differentials.

How accurate is this FERS retirement calculator?

This calculator gives you a close estimate based on the standard FERS formula. Your actual pension may differ slightly because OPM rounds service to full months, applies specific rounding rules, and may factor in details unique to your case. For an official number, contact your agency's HR or benefits office or request an estimate from OPM.

What is the earliest age I can retire under FERS?

The earliest age depends on your situation. Under MRA+10, you can retire at your Minimum Retirement Age (as young as 55) with at least 10 years of service, but with a penalty. Under VERA or DSR, you can retire as early as age 50 with 20 years of service, or at any age with 25 years. Regular retirement requires age 60 with 20 years, MRA with 30 years, or age 62 with 5 years.

Is my FERS pension taxable?

Yes. Your FERS pension is treated as ordinary income and is subject to federal income tax. Most states also tax it, but some states exempt all or part of government pensions. Check your state's tax rules for specifics.

What happens to my FEHB health insurance when I retire?

You can keep your Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) coverage into retirement if you were enrolled for the 5 consecutive years before you retire (or since your first chance to enroll, if less than 5 years). You continue to pay the employee share of the premium.

Can I change my survivor benefit election after I retire?

In most cases, no. Your survivor benefit election is generally final at retirement. There are very limited exceptions, such as if your marriage ends after retirement or if you remarry and elect coverage for a new spouse within specific time frames set by OPM.