Logistics calculators

Pallet Calculator

Updated Sep 11, 2026 By Infinity Calculator
Rate Formulas

Units

Switches every length field at once and converts the values.
Switches every weight field at once and converts the values.
Output unit for heights, footprints and the worked solution.
Output unit for load weight and capacity checks.

Box Information

Side-to-side dimension (X axis) of one carton.
Front-to-back dimension (Y axis) of one carton.
Vertical dimension (Z axis) of one carton as normally stacked.
Gross weight of one filled carton. Leave blank to skip weight checks.

Pallet Configuration

Presets are stored in mm and converted to your selected unit.
Deck dimension across the X axis. Editing switches the preset to Custom.
Deck dimension along the Y axis. Editing switches the preset to Custom.
Thickness of the pallet itself, not the cargo.
Total height including the pallet deck.
Boxes only, measured above the pallet surface. The stricter of the two limits wins.
Structural weight limit of the pallet. Leave blank to skip the check.

Stacking Options

Stacking mode
Units per layer
Enabled when Manual is selected. A warning appears if the count does not physically fit.
Auto maximum: —
Constrained by the stricter of max stack height and max cargo height.
Stacking pattern
Overhang
Max 152 mm / 6 in per side — larger values are clamped. Overhang is included in the reported footprint.
Layer-to-layer alignment


Pallet Load Results
Best box orientation
Units per layer
Number of layers
Total units
Pallet footprint
Total loaded height
Total load weight
Surface area utilization
Height status
Weight status
Packing efficiency score
0%
Volume of all boxes divided by the loaded footprint volume above the pallet deck.
2D Top-Down Layer Layout (to scale)
3D Loaded Pallet View
Click and drag inside the view to rotate, or focus it and use the arrow keys. Vector-rendered, so it works without WebGL. The 2D diagram and the numbers above carry the same information.
Step-by-Step Solution
Orientation Comparison & Space Usage
Layer-by-Layer Breakdown
LayerLayoutBoxes Cumulative boxesTop heightCumulative weight

Introduction

This pallet calculator shows you how many boxes fit on one pallet. Type in your box size, pick a pallet, and set your height limits.

It tests all six ways a box can sit on the pallet and picks the one that holds the most cartons. You get the boxes per layer, the number of layers, the total box count, the loaded height, and the total weight. It also warns you if the stack is too tall or too heavy.

You can choose a stacking pattern (row, brick, or pinwheel), allow overhang, and rotate or mirror layers to lock the load together. Presets cover common pallets like the EUR 800 × 1200 mm and the US 48 × 40 in. Work in mm, cm, m, inches, or feet, and in kg, grams, tons, pounds, or ounces.

Results come with a 2D top-down layout drawn to scale, a 3D view you can spin, a step-by-step solution, charts, and a layer-by-layer table. You can save it all as a CSV or PDF. Use it to plan shipments, cut wasted space, and lower freight costs.

How to use our Pallet Calculator

Enter your box size, pallet size, and height and weight limits, and this pallet calculator shows how many boxes fit per layer, how many layers fit, total boxes per pallet, loaded height, load weight, and packing efficiency with 2D and 3D diagrams.

Global dimension unit: Pick mm, cm, dm, m, in, or ft. This changes every length box at once and converts the numbers for you.

Global weight unit: Pick kg, g, t, lb, or oz. This changes every weight box at once and converts the numbers for you.

Show length results in: Choose the unit you want for heights, footprints, and the worked steps.

Show weight results in: Choose the unit you want for load weight and capacity checks.

Box width: Type the side-to-side size of one carton.

Box length: Type the front-to-back size of one carton.

Box height: Type how tall one carton stands when stacked.

Box weight: Type the full weight of one packed carton. Leave it blank to skip weight checks.

Pallet type preset: Pick a common pallet, like a EUR 800 × 1200 mm or a US 48 × 40 in pallet. Choose Custom to type your own size.

Pallet width: Type the pallet deck size across the X axis. Typing here sets the preset to Custom.

Pallet length: Type the pallet deck size along the Y axis. Typing here sets the preset to Custom.

Pallet deck height: Type how thick the empty pallet is, not the load.

Maximum stack height: Type the tallest the whole load can be, pallet included. This often matches your truck or rack limit.

Maximum cargo height: Type the tallest the boxes alone can be above the deck. The calculator uses the stricter of the two height limits.

Max pallet capacity: Type the weight the pallet can hold. Leave it blank to skip the check.

Stacking mode: Keep Simple to test all 6 box turns and find the best one.

Units per layer: Choose Auto to let the tool count the boxes that fit, or Manual to set your own number.

Boxes per layer (manual): Type how many boxes go in one layer. You get a warning if that many will not fit.

Number of layers: Type how many layers you want to stack. If it is too many, the tool uses the max that fits.

Stacking pattern: Pick Row for a plain grid, Brick for offset rows that hold better, or Pinwheel for locked corners.

Overhang: Turn this on if boxes may hang past the pallet edge, then type how much per side. The limit is 152 mm (6 in).

Layer-to-layer alignment: Pick Parallel for same layers, Rotated 90° to turn every other layer, or H-Mirrored or V-Mirrored to flip them for a tighter, safer stack.

Press Calculate to see your results, Reset to start over, or Export CSV or Export PDF to save the pallet load plan.

Pallet Loading Explained

A pallet is a flat wooden or plastic base that holds boxes so a forklift can lift them. When you ship goods, you stack boxes on a pallet, wrap them, and send the whole unit. Working out how many boxes fit on one pallet is called palletizing or pallet loading. It tells you how many pallets a shipment needs, and that sets your freight cost.

Common Pallet Sizes

  • EUR / EUR-1: 800 × 1200 mm, the standard pallet in Europe
  • US standard (GMA): 1219 × 1016 mm (48 × 40 in), most common in North America
  • Australian: 1165 × 1165 mm
  • Asian: 1100 × 1100 mm
  • Half pallets: 800 × 600 mm or 610 × 1016 mm, used for small retail displays

Most pallets are about 150 mm (6 in) thick. That thickness counts toward your total height, so you must add it in.

Box Orientation

A box can sit on a pallet six different ways, because any of its three sides can face up. Each way gives a different footprint and a different box height. One choice almost always fits more boxes than the others, so it pays to test all six.

Stacking Patterns

  • Row: a plain grid. Fast to build and easy for robots, but the layers do not lock together.
  • Brick (offset): every second row shifts half a box over, like bricks in a wall. This grips better and cuts down on tipping.
  • Pinwheel: four groups of boxes turn around a center block. It interlocks well and often uses odd corner space.

You can also turn each new layer 90° or mirror it. Turning layers helps tie the stack together so it does not slide apart in a truck.

Height and Weight Limits

Two limits control how tall you can stack. Max stack height is the full height, pallet included. Warehouse racking, truck doors, and air cargo holds all set this number. Max cargo height is just the boxes above the deck. The smaller limit wins. A common truck limit is about 1650 to 2000 mm total.

Weight matters too. A standard pallet holds roughly 1000 to 1500 kg. Going over that can crack the deck or crush the bottom boxes. Heavy boxes should go on the bottom layers.

Overhang

Overhang is when boxes stick out past the pallet edge. A small amount, up to about 50 mm per side, fits a few more boxes on. But overhanging boxes lose support and can lose up to a third of their stacking strength. Many carriers do not allow more than 152 mm (6 in), and some allow none at all.

Space Use

Two numbers show how well you filled the pallet. Area use is how much of the deck one layer covers. Packing efficiency is the box volume divided by the whole loaded space. Above 80% is good. Low numbers mean you are paying to ship air, and a different box size or pattern may fix it.


Formulas used

Effective pallet footprint with overhang
W_{eff} = W_{pallet} + 2 \times O, \quad L_{eff} = L_{pallet} + 2 \times O
Available cargo height
H_{avail} = \min\left(H_{max\,stack} - H_{deck},\ H_{max\,cargo}\right)
Boxes per layer (row pattern)
n_{layer} = \left\lfloor \frac{W_{eff}}{p} \right\rfloor \times \left\lfloor \frac{L_{eff}}{q} \right\rfloor
Boxes per layer (brick / offset pattern)
n_{layer} = \left\lceil \frac{n_y}{2} \right\rceil \left\lfloor \frac{W_{eff}}{p} \right\rfloor + \left\lfloor \frac{n_y}{2} \right\rfloor \left\lfloor \frac{W_{eff} - p/2}{p} \right\rfloor, \quad n_y = \left\lfloor \frac{L_{eff}}{q} \right\rfloor
Number of layers that fit
n_{max} = \left\lfloor \frac{H_{avail}}{h} \right\rfloor, \quad n_{used} = \min\left(n_{requested},\ n_{max}\right)
Total units and total loaded height
N = n_{layer} \times n_{used}, \quad H_{total} = H_{deck} + h \times n_{used}
Total load weight
W_{total} = w_{box} \times N
Surface area utilization and volumetric packing efficiency
A_{util} = \frac{p \times q \times n_{layer}}{W_{foot} \times L_{foot}} \times 100, \quad E = \frac{W_b L_b H_b \times N}{W_{foot} \times L_{foot} \times H_{cargo}} \times 100

Frequently asked questions

How many boxes fit on a standard pallet?

It depends on the box size. A standard EUR pallet (800 × 1200 mm) has about 0.96 m² of deck. A US 48 × 40 in pallet has about 1.24 m².

Example: a 355 × 290 mm box fits 8 per layer on a EUR pallet. Stack 7 layers at 210 mm each and you get 56 boxes.

To work it out yourself:

  • Divide pallet width by box width, round down
  • Divide pallet length by box length, round down
  • Multiply those two for boxes per layer
  • Divide your cargo height limit by box height, round down, for layers
  • Multiply boxes per layer by layers

What does Ti-Hi mean in pallet loading?

Ti-Hi is shipping shorthand for how a pallet is built.

  • Ti = the number of boxes in one layer (the tier)
  • Hi = the number of layers stacked up (the height)

Multiply them for the total. A Ti-Hi of 8 × 6 means 8 boxes per layer, 6 layers, so 48 boxes per pallet. Buyers and warehouses often ask for this number on a purchase order.

How many pallets fit in a 40-foot shipping container?

In one layer on the floor:

  • 40 ft container: about 25 EUR pallets (800 × 1200 mm) or 20 to 21 US pallets (48 × 40 in)
  • 20 ft container: about 11 EUR pallets or 9 to 10 US pallets

You can fit more if your loads are short enough to stack two high. A 40 ft container is about 2.39 m tall inside, so two pallets of 1.15 m each will fit.

How many pallets fit on a 53-foot truck trailer?

A 53 ft trailer holds 26 standard 48 × 40 in pallets loaded straight in two rows. If you turn some pallets sideways (called pinwheeling), you can squeeze in up to 30.

If the loads are short and strong enough to double stack, that doubles to about 52 pallets. Most trailers are 100 in wide inside and about 110 in tall.

How much does an empty pallet weigh?

A wooden pallet weighs about:

  • EUR pallet (800 × 1200 mm): 22 to 25 kg (50 to 55 lb)
  • US GMA pallet (48 × 40 in): 15 to 23 kg (33 to 50 lb)
  • Plastic pallet: 15 to 20 kg (33 to 45 lb)

Wet or damp wood can add several kilos. Always add the pallet weight to your box weight when you book freight.

Does the pallet's own weight count toward shipping weight?

Yes. Carriers weigh the whole unit: pallet, boxes, stretch wrap, and any corner boards. That total is your gross weight.

If you quote only the box weight, your bill will be corrected later and you may pay a re-weigh fee. Add about 20 kg per wooden pallet to be safe.

How tall should a pallet be for freight shipping?

Most LTL freight pallets are built to 48 to 60 in (1220 to 1525 mm) tall, pallet included. That height stacks well and still leaves room in a standard trailer.

Hard limits to know:

  • Dry van trailer: about 110 in (2790 mm) inside
  • 40 ft container: about 94 in (2390 mm) inside
  • Air cargo lower deck: about 63 in (1600 mm)

Check with your carrier first. Many charge more or refuse loads over 96 in.

Can pallets be double stacked in a truck?

Only if the bottom pallet can hold the weight without crushing. Boxes carry weight through their corners and edges, so the bottom load must be square, full, and flat on top.

Double stacking works best when:

  • Each pallet is under about half the trailer's inside height
  • Boxes are strong and fully packed, not part-empty
  • No boxes hang over the pallet edge
  • The top layer is flat, not domed or uneven

Mark the load "Do Not Stack" with a cone if it cannot take the weight.

What box sizes fit a EUR pallet best?

Boxes that divide evenly into the pallet deck leave almost no gaps. For an 800 × 1200 mm EUR pallet, good sizes are:

  • 600 × 400 mm, 4 per layer
  • 400 × 300 mm, 8 per layer
  • 300 × 200 mm, 16 per layer
  • 200 × 150 mm, 32 per layer

For a US 48 × 40 in pallet, try 24 × 20 in, 16 × 20 in, or 12 × 10 in. Shrinking a box by a few millimetres to hit one of these sizes can add a whole row per layer.

How do I work out how many pallets my shipment needs?

Divide your total box count by the boxes that fit on one pallet, then round up.

Example: 500 boxes, 56 boxes per pallet. 500 ÷ 56 = 8.9, so you need 9 pallets. The last one will be part full.

Also check weight. If 56 boxes at 20 kg each comes to 1120 kg and your pallet limit is 1000 kg, you must drop a layer and use more pallets.

What is the difference between a pallet and a skid?

A pallet has a top deck and a bottom deck, so it is a full box-like frame. A skid has only a top deck sitting on legs or runners, with no bottom boards.

Skids are lighter and slide easily, and work well as a base under heavy machines. Pallets are more stable and can be lifted from more sides, so they are the norm for boxed freight.

Which side of a pallet is the length and which is the width?

In North America the first number is the length (the stringer side the forklift enters), so a 48 × 40 in pallet is 48 in long and 40 in wide.

In Europe the first number is usually the width, so a EUR pallet at 800 × 1200 mm is 800 mm wide and 1200 mm long.

Measure the deck boards only, not the load on top. When in doubt, write both numbers plus which side takes the forks.