Physics calculators

Wattage Calculator

Updated Jul 2, 2026 By Jehan Wadia
CPU Configuration
Number of CPUs
CPU 1
GPU Configuration
Number of GPUs
Storage, Peripherals & Cooling
Solid-state drives (~5W each).
Mechanical hard drives (~8W each).
Chassis / cooling fans (~3W each).
Memory modules (~5W each).
DVD / Blu-ray drives (~20W each).
USB-powered / PCIe add-in devices (~10W each).
PSU Form Factor & Energy Rate
PSU Form Factor
SFX units have a lower wattage ceiling than ATX.

Results
Estimated System Wattage
Total continuous draw
Recommended PSU
Includes 20% headroom
Safety Status
Available 80 Plus Efficiency Tiers
Estimated Monthly Energy Cost
Component Wattage Breakdown
Component GroupWattsShare
Step-by-Step Solution

Introduction

A watt is a unit of power that tells you how much energy a device uses each second. When you build a PC or work with electrical circuits, you need to know the wattage so you can pick the right power supply or stay safe. This wattage calculator helps you do both.

Use the PC Build Estimator to add up the power draw of your CPU, GPU, storage, RAM, and fans. The tool then tells you what size power supply unit (PSU) you need, shows a full wattage breakdown, and estimates your monthly electricity cost. You can also use our dedicated PSU calculator for an alternative approach to power supply sizing. Use the Electrical Wattage tab to calculate watts from voltage and current, or find amps from watts and volts. It supports DC, single-phase AC, and three-phase AC circuits. Every calculation includes a step-by-step solution so you can see exactly how the answer was found.

How to Use Our Wattage Calculator

This wattage calculator has two modes. The PC Build Estimator takes your computer parts and tells you how many watts your system needs and what size power supply to buy. The Electrical Wattage mode solves for watts or amps using voltage, current, and resistance values you provide.

PC Build Estimator

Number of CPUs: Pick how many processors your build has. Most desktops use 1. Workstations and servers may use 2.

CPU Manufacturer, Socket, and Model: Choose the brand first, then the socket type, then the exact chip. The wattage fills in based on the model you pick.

Number of GPUs: Pick how many graphics cards you plan to install, from 1 to 4. If you're unsure whether your GPU is being held back by your CPU, try our bottleneck calculator to check for performance mismatches.

GPU Manufacturer and Model: Choose the brand first, then the exact card. The wattage fills in based on the model you pick.

SSDs: Enter how many solid-state drives are in your build. Each one adds about 5 watts.

HDDs: Enter how many mechanical hard drives you have. Each one adds about 8 watts.

Case Fans: Enter how many cooling fans are in your case. Each one adds about 3 watts.

RAM Sticks: Enter how many memory modules you have. Each one adds about 5 watts.

Optical Drives: Enter how many DVD or Blu-ray drives you have. Each one adds about 20 watts.

USB / PCIe Peripherals: Enter how many extra USB-powered or add-in card devices you use. Each one adds about 10 watts.

PSU Form Factor: Pick ATX for standard desktop cases or SFX for small form factor builds. SFX power supplies have lower maximum wattage options.

Electricity Rate: Type the price you pay per kilowatt-hour. You can find this on your electric bill. The default is $0.13/kWh. For a deeper look at your energy expenses, try our electricity cost calculator.

Daily Usage: Enter how many hours per day you use your PC. This is used to estimate your monthly energy cost.

Press Calculate to see your total system wattage, recommended PSU size, safety status, and estimated monthly electricity cost.

Electrical Wattage — Calculate Watts

Current Type: Choose DC, AC Single Phase, or AC Three Phase. This controls which power formula the calculator uses. For dedicated three-phase calculations, you can also use our 3 phase power calculator.

Power Factor: This field appears for AC circuits only. Enter a value between 0.01 and 1.00. Use 1.00 for simple resistive loads like heaters.

Voltage Type: This field appears for three-phase AC only. Choose line-to-line or line-to-neutral based on how your voltage is measured.

Voltage, Current, and Resistance: Fill in any two of these three fields. The calculator detects the right formula and solves for power in watts. Use the dropdown next to each field to change the unit. This follows the same relationships described by Ohm's law, which ties voltage, current, and resistance together.

Output Unit: Choose the unit for your result, such as μW, mW, W, kW, or MW.

Press Calculate to see the power in watts along with a full step-by-step solution.

Electrical Wattage — Calculate Amps

Current Type: Choose DC, AC Single Phase, or AC Three Phase. This sets the correct formula for solving current. You can also use our watts to amps calculator for a streamlined conversion.

Power Factor: This appears for AC circuits only. Enter a value between 0.01 and 1.00.

Voltage Type: This appears for three-phase AC only. Choose line-to-line or line-to-neutral.

Power: Enter the power value and pick its unit from the dropdown.

Voltage: Enter the voltage value and pick its unit from the dropdown.

Output Unit: Choose the unit for your current result, such as μA, mA, A, kA, or MA.

Press Calculate to see the current in amps along with a full step-by-step solution.

What Is a Wattage Calculator?

A wattage calculator helps you figure out how much electric power a device or system uses. Power is measured in watts (W). One watt is the amount of energy used per second. The more watts something needs, the more electricity it draws. For broader power calculations beyond electrical wattage, our power calculator covers additional scenarios involving work and time.

How Watts Are Calculated

The basic formula for power is P = V × I, which means watts equal volts times amps. Volts (V) measure how hard electricity is pushed through a wire. Amps (A) measure how much electricity flows. When you multiply the two, you get the total power in watts. If you know the resistance in ohms (Ω) instead, you can also use P = V² ÷ R or P = I² × R. All three formulas give you the same answer — you just pick the one that matches the values you have. These relationships all come from Ohm's law. If you need to go the other direction and find current from power, our amp calculator or amps to watts calculator can help.

AC vs. DC Power

DC (direct current) flows in one direction, like in a battery. AC (alternating current) switches direction many times per second and is what comes out of your wall outlets. AC calculations include an extra number called the power factor (PF), which shows how efficiently the current is used. A power factor of 1 means no energy is wasted. Most real devices have a power factor between 0.8 and 1. Three-phase AC, common in large buildings and industrial equipment, adds a √3 (about 1.732) multiplier for line-to-line voltage. For detailed three-phase work, our 3 phase power calculator handles line-to-line and line-to-neutral configurations. When working with AC circuits that include capacitors or inductors, our impedance calculator can help you determine total opposition to current flow.

PC Power Supply Sizing

Every part inside a computer — the CPU, GPU, RAM, drives, and fans — uses a certain number of watts. To find the right power supply unit (PSU), you add up the wattage of every component and then add 20% extra headroom. This buffer keeps the PSU from running at full load, which helps it last longer, stay cooler, and run quieter. You then round up to the nearest standard PSU size, such as 550W, 650W, or 750W. Our dedicated PSU calculator offers another way to estimate the right unit for your build. You can also check for performance imbalances between your CPU and GPU using the bottleneck calculator, or estimate in-game performance with the FPS calculator.

What Is 80 Plus Efficiency?

An 80 Plus rating tells you how efficient a power supply is at turning AC wall power into DC power for your PC. An 80 Plus Bronze PSU wastes less energy as heat than a basic unit, while Platinum and Titanium waste even less. A more efficient PSU saves money on your electricity bill over time. To see exactly how much you could save, try our electricity cost calculator.

Why Wattage Matters

Knowing your wattage helps you in two big ways. First, it lets you pick the right-sized power supply or circuit so nothing overloads. An overloaded PSU or circuit can overheat or shut down. When wiring circuits, make sure to check voltage drop over long cable runs and use the right wire size for the current being carried. If you're sizing a backup power source for your setup, our generator sizing calculator can help. Second, it helps you estimate your electricity cost. Your electric company charges by the kilowatt-hour (kWh), which is 1,000 watts used for one hour. If you know your total watts, how many hours you run your devices each day, and your electricity rate, you can calculate your monthly bill. For households looking to offset their energy costs, our solar panel calculator can estimate how much power a rooftop system would generate.


Formulas used

DC Power (Watts)
P = V \times I
AC Single-Phase Power
P = V \times I \times \text{PF}
AC Three-Phase Power (Line-to-Line)
P = \sqrt{3} \times V \times I \times \text{PF}
Power from Voltage and Resistance
P = \frac{V^{2}}{R}
Power from Current and Resistance
P = I^{2} \times R
Current from Power and Voltage (AC Single-Phase)
I = \frac{P}{V \times \text{PF}}
Recommended PSU Wattage (20% Headroom)
P_{\text{rec}} = P_{\text{total}} \times 1.20
Estimated Monthly Energy Cost
\text{Cost} = \frac{P_{\text{total}}}{1000} \times h \times 30 \times r

Frequently asked questions

What does this wattage calculator do?

It does two things. The PC Build Estimator adds up the power draw of your computer parts and tells you what size power supply to buy. The Electrical Wattage tool calculates watts from voltage and current, or finds amps from watts and volts. Both modes show a step-by-step solution.

Why does the calculator add 20% headroom to my PC wattage?

Running a power supply at full load makes it hotter, louder, and shorter-lived. The 20% buffer keeps the PSU in a comfortable range. It also leaves room for brief power spikes that happen when your CPU or GPU suddenly works harder.

What if my CPU or GPU model is not listed?

The calculator includes popular current-generation parts. If your exact model is missing, pick the closest one with a similar TDP (thermal design power). You can find your chip's TDP on the manufacturer's website.

What is the difference between ATX and SFX power supplies?

ATX is the standard size used in most desktop cases. SFX is a smaller unit made for compact builds. SFX power supplies top out at lower wattages, so high-end systems usually need ATX.

How do I find my electricity rate?

Look at your electric bill. It shows a price per kilowatt-hour (kWh). In the United States, the average is around $0.13 per kWh. Enter that number in the Electricity Rate field to get an accurate monthly cost estimate.

What does the safety status indicator mean?

Safe means your load is well below the PSU's capacity. Borderline means the load is getting close to the limit. Over Limit means you need a bigger power supply or should switch from SFX to ATX.

Which two values do I need to calculate watts in the Electrical Wattage tab?

Enter any two of these three: Voltage (V), Current (I), or Resistance (R). The calculator picks the right formula automatically. For example, if you enter voltage and current, it uses P = V × I.

What is power factor and when do I need it?

Power factor shows how efficiently an AC circuit uses electricity. It is a number between 0.01 and 1.00. A value of 1 means no energy is wasted. You only need it for AC circuits. DC circuits do not use a power factor.

When should I choose line-to-line vs. line-to-neutral voltage?

This only matters for three-phase AC. Line-to-line is the voltage measured between two hot wires. Line-to-neutral is measured between one hot wire and the neutral wire. Pick the one that matches how your voltage was measured.

Does the PC estimator include motherboard power draw?

Yes. The calculator adds a flat 50 watts for the motherboard automatically. You do not need to enter it yourself.

Can I estimate power for a dual-CPU workstation?

Yes. Set the Number of CPUs to 2 and a second CPU selection block appears. Pick the manufacturer, socket, and model for each processor. Both are added to the total wattage.

How is the monthly electricity cost calculated?

The formula is: (Total Watts ÷ 1000) × Hours Per Day × 30 Days × Electricity Rate. For example, a 500W system used 8 hours a day at $0.13/kWh costs about $15.60 per month.

What units can I use for voltage, current, and resistance?

Each field has a dropdown for units. Voltage supports μV, mV, V, kV, and MV. Current supports μA, mA, A, kA, and MA. Resistance supports Ω, kΩ, and MΩ. The calculator converts everything to base units before solving.

Can I change the output unit for my result?

Yes. Both the watts and amps calculators have an Output Unit dropdown. You can display your result in μW, mW, W, kW, MW or μA, mA, A, kA, MA depending on the tab you are using.

What formula does the calculator use for three-phase AC watts?

For line-to-line voltage it uses P = √3 × V × I × PF. For line-to-neutral voltage it uses P = 3 × V × I × PF. The calculator picks the correct one based on your Voltage Type selection.

Why does my system show Over Limit even though I picked a large PSU tier?

The form factor limits the available PSU sizes. SFX units max out around 1000W. If your total draw exceeds the largest SFX tier after adding 20% headroom, the status shows Over Limit. Switch to ATX to access higher wattage options.

Does the calculator account for power spikes or transient loads?

The 20% headroom helps cover normal transient spikes. However, some high-end GPUs have very short power spikes that go well above their rated TDP. If you use such a card, consider picking one PSU tier higher than the recommended size.

How accurate is the estimated wattage for my PC build?

The estimate is based on each component's rated TDP or typical power draw. Real-world usage varies with workload, overclocking, and other factors. The result is a solid starting point for choosing the right PSU, not an exact measurement.