Travel calculators

Distance Between Cities Calculator

Updated Aug 31, 2026 By Jehan Wadia
Rate Formulas

Enter Two Locations

Type 2+ characters for suggestions. Use Up/Down arrows, Enter to choose, Escape to close.
Cities, full addresses and landmarks worldwide are supported.
Every total distance below is always shown in miles, kilometers and nautical miles at the same time.

Distance from to

Straight-Line Distance (As the Crow Flies)

Great-circle distance measured over the Earth's surface.

Driving Distance

Checking road network…

Direction / Bearing

Midpoint

Estimated Driving Time

Estimated Flight Time

All Units Side by Side

Distance type Miles (mi) Kilometers (km) Nautical miles (nmi) Estimated time

Route Options & Turn-by-Turn Directions

    Get Directions in Google Maps

    Interactive Map

    Solid line — selected driving route Dashed line — straight-line (great circle) path Marker A = origin, Marker B = destination

    Distance Comparison

    Step-by-Step Solution


    Introduction

    The Distance Between Cities Calculator tells you how far apart two places are. Type a city, address, or landmark in the From box and another one in the To box. Then press Calculate Distance. You get an answer in miles, kilometers, and nautical miles at the same time.

    You see two kinds of distance. The first is the straight-line distance, also called "as the crow flies." That is the path a plane would take over the curve of the Earth. The second is the driving distance, which follows real roads. Roads bend and curve, so this number is almost always bigger.

    The tool also shows you more than just numbers. You get the compass direction between the two spots, the midpoint of the trip, an estimated drive time, and an estimated flight time. A map draws both paths so you can see the route. You can pick from up to three driving routes and read turn-by-turn directions for each one.

    This calculator is useful for planning a road trip, checking a flight, comparing two cities before a move, or finding a fair meeting spot with a friend. A step-by-step section shows the math behind each answer, so you can follow how the distance was found.

    How to use our Distance Between Cities Calculator

    Enter two places and the calculator shows the straight-line (air) distance, the driving distance, the travel direction, the midpoint, and the estimated drive and flight times in miles, kilometers and nautical miles.

    From: Type your starting city, address or landmark, like "New York, NY, USA". Pick a match from the suggestion list so the calculator uses the right spot on the map.

    To: Type the city, address or place you are going to. Add a state, region or country if the name is common, so you get the correct location.

    Primary unit (directions & chart): Choose miles, kilometers or nautical miles. This sets the unit used in the turn-by-turn directions and the bar chart. The main totals always show all three units.

    Calculate Distance: Press this button to get your results, route options, map and step-by-step math.

    Swap Locations: Press this to flip the From and To cities and see the trip in reverse.

    Clear: Press this to empty both fields and start a new distance search.

    Distance Between Cities

    The distance between two cities can mean two different things. The straight-line distance is the shortest path over the Earth's surface, like a bird or plane would fly. The driving distance is how far you really travel by road, following highways and streets. Driving distance is almost always longer, because roads curve, go around mountains, lakes, and cities.

    Straight-Line (As the Crow Flies) Distance

    Earth is round, so you cannot just draw a flat line between two cities. The shortest path on a ball is called a great circle. Math called the haversine formula uses the latitude and longitude of both cities to find this length. This is the number airlines care about, and it is why long flights look curved on a flat map.

    Driving Distance and Detour Ratio

    Road distance is measured by adding up every road segment along the route. Most trips are about 20% to 30% longer by road than by air. If you divide the road distance by the straight-line distance, you get the detour ratio. A ratio near 1.1 means the roads are pretty direct. A ratio of 1.5 or more means big detours, like driving around a bay or a mountain range.

    Bearing and Midpoint

    Bearing is the compass direction you head at the start of the trip, from 0° (north) to 360°. On long trips the bearing slowly changes, because great-circle paths bend. The midpoint is the halfway spot along that path. It is handy for planning a meeting place, a rest stop, or a layover.

    Miles, Kilometers, and Nautical Miles

    The United States and the United Kingdom use miles. Most other countries use kilometers. One mile equals about 1.609 kilometers. Pilots and sailors use nautical miles, which equal about 1.15 miles or 1.852 kilometers. One nautical mile is one minute of latitude, which makes map work easier at sea and in the air.

    Travel Time Estimates

    Flight time uses an average cruise speed near 575 mph (925 km/h). Real flights take longer because of taxiing, climbing, waiting, and wind. Driving time uses average road speed with normal traffic flow. Rush hour, road work, weather, and rest stops all add time, so treat these numbers as a starting guess, not a promise.

    When There Is No Road Route

    Some city pairs are split by an ocean or a sea, like New York and London. For those trips only the air distance, bearing, and midpoint make sense. You would need a flight or a ferry, not a car.


    Formulas used

    Haversine term (a)
    a = \sin^2\!\left(\frac{\Delta\varphi}{2}\right) + \cos\varphi_1\cos\varphi_2\sin^2\!\left(\frac{\Delta\lambda}{2}\right)
    Central angle
    c = 2\,\operatorname{atan2}\!\left(\sqrt{a},\ \sqrt{1-a}\right)
    Great-circle (straight-line) distance
    d = R\,c,\qquad R = 6371.0088\ \text{km}
    Initial bearing
    \theta = \operatorname{atan2}\!\left(\sin\Delta\lambda\cos\varphi_2,\ \cos\varphi_1\sin\varphi_2 - \sin\varphi_1\cos\varphi_2\cos\Delta\lambda\right)
    Great-circle midpoint
    \varphi_m = \operatorname{atan2}\!\left(\sin\varphi_1 + \sin\varphi_2,\ \sqrt{(\cos\varphi_1 + B_x)^2 + B_y^2}\right),\quad \lambda_m = \lambda_1 + \operatorname{atan2}\!\left(B_y,\ \cos\varphi_1 + B_x\right),\quad B_x = \cos\varphi_2\cos\Delta\lambda,\ B_y = \cos\varphi_2\sin\Delta\lambda
    Estimated flight time
    t_{\text{air}} = \frac{d}{925\ \text{km/h}}
    Estimated driving distance and time (fallback)
    d_{\text{road}} \approx 1.25 \times d,\qquad t_{\text{road}} = \frac{d_{\text{road}}}{85\ \text{km/h}}
    Detour ratio
    \text{detour ratio} = \frac{d_{\text{road}}}{d}

    Frequently asked questions

    Why is the driving distance different from what Google Maps shows?

    Small differences are normal. This tool uses an open road network, and Google may pick a slightly different route, a different start point on a street, or newer road data. The totals are usually within a few percent of each other.

    Why does it say no driving route is available?

    There is no road that connects the two spots. This happens when an ocean, sea, or island gap sits between them. You still get the air distance, bearing, and midpoint.

    Why do I see up to three routes?

    Most trips have more than one good way to go. The tool shows the main route plus alternates so you can compare distance and time. Click any route tab to switch the directions, the map line, and the chart.

    Does the drive time include traffic?

    No. The time assumes normal free-flowing traffic. Rush hour, road work, weather, and stops for gas or food all add time.

    My city was not found. What should I do?

    Add more detail. Include the state, region, or country, like Springfield, IL, USA. Many city names repeat around the world, so extra detail helps the tool find the right one.

    Is the bearing the same going the other way?

    Usually not. Bearing is the compass heading at the start of the trip, and great-circle paths bend. Press Swap Locations to see the return bearing.

    Is the midpoint the halfway point of the drive?

    No. It is the halfway point on the straight-line path over the Earth. The halfway point by road can sit in a different place, since roads curve.

    Why does the map show a dashed line and a solid line?

    The dashed line is the straight-line, or great-circle, path. The solid line is the driving route you picked. Marker A is your start and marker B is your destination.

    The map did not load. Can I still get results?

    Yes. All distances, times, and directions still work. If the map library fails, the tool shows a simple static map plus the exact coordinates for both places.

    Does the flight time include layovers?

    No. It is air time only, based on air distance at about 575 mph (925 km/h). Add extra time for taxi, takeoff, landing, wind, layovers, and the ride to and from the airport.

    What is the detour ratio and why does it matter?

    It is road distance divided by air distance. It is shown in the step-by-step section. A number near 1.1 means direct roads. A number of 1.5 or higher means a big detour, like driving around a bay or mountain range.

    Why does changing the unit not change the big totals?

    The main distance cards always show miles, kilometers, and nautical miles together. The unit you pick only changes the turn-by-turn step distances and the bar chart.

    How do I get real turn-by-turn navigation?

    Click Get Directions in Google Maps. It opens a new tab with the same start and end points, ready for live navigation on your phone.

    Why are only the first 120 steps shown in the directions?

    Very long trips can have hundreds of turns. The list caps at 120 steps to keep the page fast. A note tells you the total number of moves when there are more.