Engineering calculators

HP to Amps Calculator

Updated Sep 20, 2026 By Infinity Calculator
Rate Formulas

Motor Configuration

Calculation Direction
Connection Type
Three-Phase Voltage Type

Inputs

hp(E) = 746 W · hp(M) = 735.499 W · W / kW are used directly.
Line current drawn by the motor.
Supply voltage at the motor terminals.
Nameplate efficiency, entered 1–100%.
  
Power Factor Format
Decimal range 0.01–1.00.
Result
Three-Phase AC Phase multiplier c = 1.7321
Line Current
Motor Output Power
Electrical Input Power
Apparent Power
Formula with your values
Step-by-Step Solution
Current vs. Supply Voltage (at this power)
Current at Standard Motor Voltages
Supply Voltage Current (A) Apparent Power vs. Your Voltage

Introduction

This HP to Amps Calculator converts motor horsepower into current (amps). Type in the motor power, the voltage, the efficiency, and the power factor, and it returns the line current in amps.

It works for DC, 1-phase, 2-phase, and 3-phase motors. For 3-phase, you can pick line-to-line or line-to-neutral voltage. You can also flip it around and go from amps to HP if you know the current instead.

Along with the answer, you get the step-by-step math, a chart of current versus voltage, and a table of amps at common motor voltages like 120 V, 240 V, and 480 V. Those numbers are what you need to size wires, breakers, and overload relays.

How to use our HP to Amps Calculator

Enter your motor power, voltage, efficiency, and power factor, and the calculator shows the current in amps, plus the input power, apparent power, and a full step-by-step solution. You can also flip it around to find horsepower from amps.

Calculation Direction: Pick HP → Amps to find the current your motor pulls. Pick Amps → HP to find motor horsepower from a measured current.

Connection Type: Choose DC, 1-Phase, 2-Phase, or 3-Phase to match your power supply. This sets the phase multiplier used in the formula.

Three-Phase Voltage Type: This shows only for 3-phase motors. Choose Line-to-Line (uses √3) if you measured voltage between two hot legs. Choose Line-to-Neutral (uses 3) if you measured from one leg to neutral.

Horsepower (Motor Power): Type the motor's rated shaft power from the nameplate. Pick the unit: hp(E) is 746 W, hp(M) is 735.499 W, or use W or kW.

Current: Used in Amps → HP mode. Type the line current the motor draws and pick A, mA, or kA.

Voltage: Type the supply voltage at the motor terminals, like 120, 240, or 480. Pick V, kV, or mV.

Efficiency: Type the nameplate efficiency as a percent from 1 to 100. Most motors run near 85% to 96%. Use 100 if you want to ignore motor losses.

Power Factor: Type the motor's power factor for AC systems. Use the format buttons to enter it as a decimal (0.01 to 1.00) or a percent (1 to 100). DC motors do not use power factor, so this box hides.

Result Unit: Change the unit next to the answer to show current in A, mA, or kA, or power in hp(E), hp(M), W, or kW.

Calculate and Reset: The answer updates as you type. Click Calculate to check your entries for errors, or Reset to return to the default values.

HP to Amps: What It Means

Horsepower (HP) tells you how much mechanical work a motor does at its shaft. Amps (A) tell you how much electric current the motor pulls from the wires. Converting HP to amps lets you pick the right wire size, breaker, fuse, and starter for a motor.

The Formula

Current depends on the motor power, the supply voltage, the motor efficiency, the power factor, and the number of phases:

  • DC: Amps = (HP × 746) ÷ (Volts × Efficiency)
  • Single-phase AC: Amps = (HP × 746) ÷ (Volts × Efficiency × PF)
  • Two-phase AC: Amps = (HP × 746) ÷ (2 × Volts × Efficiency × PF)
  • Three-phase AC: Amps = (HP × 746) ÷ (1.732 × Volts × Efficiency × PF)

One electric horsepower, hp(E), equals 746 watts. One metric horsepower, hp(M), equals about 735.5 watts. Use hp(E) for most motors sold in the United States.

What Each Part Does

Voltage: Higher voltage means lower current for the same power. A motor on 480 V draws about half the amps it would draw on 240 V.

Efficiency: No motor turns all its electric power into shaft power. Some is lost as heat. A 95% efficient motor needs about 5% more input power than its rated output. Lower efficiency means more amps.

Power factor (PF): AC motors draw some current that does no useful work. PF is the ratio of real power to apparent power. Most induction motors run near 0.8 to 0.9 at full load. A lower PF means more amps. DC motors have no power factor.

Phase multiplier: Three-phase power splits the load across three wires, so each wire carries less current. Use √3 (1.732) with line-to-line voltage, or 3 with line-to-neutral voltage.

Amps to HP

You can also work backward. If you know the measured current and voltage, multiply them with efficiency, power factor, and the phase multiplier to get watts, then divide by 746 to get horsepower.

Things to Remember

This math gives full-load current at the numbers you enter. Always check the motor nameplate first, because the nameplate full-load amps (FLA) is the real value for that motor. Motors also pull much more current when starting, often 5 to 8 times the running amps. For wire and breaker sizing in the United States, use the NEC motor tables (such as Table 430.250), since code rules add safety margins on top of the calculated current.


Formulas used

Current from motor power
I = \frac{P}{c \cdot V \cdot \eta \cdot PF}
Power from current
P = I \cdot V \cdot \eta \cdot PF \cdot c
Phase multiplier c
c = \begin{cases} 1 & \text{DC or 1-phase} \\ 2 & \text{2-phase} \\ \sqrt{3} \approx 1.7321 & \text{3-phase line-to-line} \\ 3 & \text{3-phase line-to-neutral} \end{cases}
Mechanical power in watts (unit conversion)
P_{W} = P_{input} \times k,\quad k = \begin{cases} 746 & \text{hp(E)} \\ 735.49875 & \text{hp(M)} \\ 1 & \text{W} \\ 1000 & \text{kW} \end{cases}
Efficiency and power factor as decimals
\eta = \frac{\eta_{\%}}{100}, \qquad PF = \frac{PF_{\%}}{100}
Electrical input power
P_{in} = \frac{P}{\eta}
Apparent power
S = \frac{P_{in}}{PF}
Percent difference vs. your voltage (table)
\Delta\% = \frac{I_{V} - I}{I} \times 100

Frequently asked questions

How many amps does a 1 HP motor draw?

It depends on the voltage and the number of phases. Typical full-load values are:

  • 115 V, single-phase: about 16 A
  • 230 V, single-phase: about 8 A
  • 230 V, three-phase: about 4.2 A
  • 460 V, three-phase: about 2.1 A

Small motors have low efficiency and low power factor, so they pull more amps per horsepower than big motors. Always check the nameplate for the real number.

How many amps does a 5 HP three-phase motor draw at 480 volts?

About 6 A by the formula (90% efficiency, 0.85 power factor). For wire and breaker sizing in the US, the NEC table value for 5 HP at 460 V is 7.6 A. Common NEC full-load amps at 460 V, three-phase:

HPAmps
12.1
34.8
57.6
1014
2027
5065
100124

Why is 1 horsepower equal to 746 watts?

James Watt measured how much work a horse could do: about 33,000 foot-pounds per minute. In metric units that equals 745.7 watts, which is rounded to 746 W. That is called electric or mechanical horsepower, hp(E).

Metric horsepower, hp(M), is a different standard equal to 735.5 W. The two differ by about 1.4%.

What does FLA mean on a motor nameplate?

FLA means full-load amps. It is the current the motor pulls when it runs at its rated horsepower, voltage, and frequency.

Use the nameplate FLA to set overload relays. In the US, wire and breaker sizing uses the NEC table current (FLC) instead, because those table numbers are a bit higher and add a safety margin.

Why do you multiply by 1.732 for three-phase motors?

1.732 is the square root of 3. In a three-phase system the three voltages peak at different times, 120 degrees apart. Because of that shift, line-to-line voltage is √3 times the line-to-neutral voltage.

So three-phase power equals √3 × line voltage × current × power factor. If you measure voltage from one leg to neutral instead, use 3 rather than 1.732.

What is a normal power factor for an electric motor?

Most AC induction motors run at 0.80 to 0.90 power factor at full load. Large motors are usually higher, small motors lower.

Power factor drops sharply at light load. A motor at 25% load may show only 0.4 to 0.5. Low power factor means more amps for the same real work, which is why oversized motors waste capacity.

How many amps does a motor pull when starting?

Usually 5 to 8 times the full-load amps. This is called locked-rotor or inrush current, and it lasts only a few seconds until the motor speeds up.

A 10 HP motor at 14 A running can spike near 100 A while starting. That is why breakers for motors are sized well above running amps, and why soft starters and VFDs are used to cut the surge.

What size breaker do I need for a motor?

Motor breakers protect against short circuits, not overloads, so they are sized large. Under NEC 430.52, a standard inverse-time breaker can be up to 250% of the motor's full-load current, and up to 400% if the motor will not start.

Overload protection is separate. Overload relays are set at 115% to 125% of the nameplate FLA.

What wire size do I need for a motor?

NEC 430.22 says branch-circuit conductors for a single motor must carry at least 125% of the motor's full-load current.

Example: a 10 HP, 460 V three-phase motor has an FLC of 14 A. 14 × 1.25 = 17.5 A, so 12 AWG copper works. On long runs, go bigger to keep voltage drop under 3%.

Does a motor draw more amps at lower voltage?

Yes. For the same shaft power, amps go up when voltage goes down. Cut the voltage in half and the current roughly doubles.

That is why the same motor draws about twice the current on 240 V as on 480 V. Running a motor below its rated voltage makes it run hotter and shortens its life.

How do you convert kW to amps for a motor?

For three-phase: Amps = (kW × 1000) ÷ (1.732 × Volts × PF). For single-phase, drop the 1.732.

If the kW figure is the shaft output (as on most nameplates), also divide by the efficiency to get the input power first. Example: 7.5 kW output, 90% efficiency, 400 V, 0.85 PF → 7.5 ÷ 0.9 = 8.33 kW input → 8,330 ÷ (1.732 × 400 × 0.85) ≈ 14.1 A.

Why does my clamp meter read less than the nameplate amps?

Because the motor is not fully loaded. A motor only draws its full-load amps when it is doing its full rated work. At half load it may pull just 60% to 70% of the nameplate FLA.

A reading much below nameplate usually means the motor is oversized for the job. A reading above nameplate means overload, a jam, low voltage, or a lost phase.

What is service factor amps (SFA)?

SFA is the current the motor draws when running at its service factor load. A motor with a 1.15 service factor can handle 15% more than its rated horsepower for short periods.

SFA is always higher than FLA. Running a motor at service factor load all the time raises its temperature and shortens its life, so size the motor for the real load instead.