Health calculators

CVD Risk Calculator

Updated Sep 3, 2026 By Infinity Calculator
High-Risk Pre-Check
If a clinically determined high-risk condition is present, formal risk scoring is not required.
Demographics
Lifestyle
Cholesterol
Healthy: under 200 mg/dL
×Total cholesterol is very high — consider screening for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia and review lipid guidelines.
HDL: 60+ best; under 40 low
4.4
Automatically calculated.
Blood Pressure
Norm: 100–120 mmHg
×SBP > 160 mmHg — consider BP-lowering pharmacotherapy and refer to hypertension guidelines.
Metabolic Factors
Valid: 18.5–39.9 kg/m²
Norm: 90–120
Outcome Models

Inputs changed — press Calculate to refresh results.
Input Summary
Estimated Risk
Step-by-Step Solution
Therapy Impact — 10-Year ASCVD Projection

Introduction

Heart disease and stroke are leading causes of death worldwide. A CVD risk calculator helps you find out how likely you are to have a heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years. This tool uses two published models: the AHA PREVENT™ equations, developed in adults aged 30 to 79 without known cardiovascular disease,1 and the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE), developed in adults 40 to 79 years of age.2 You enter basic health information like your age, blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking status. The calculator then gives you a risk score, a risk category, and a step-by-step breakdown of how the result was found.

This tool also shows how treatments like statins, blood pressure medicine, or quitting smoking could lower your risk. It is built for doctors, nurses, and patients who want a clear picture of cardiovascular health. Use it as a starting point for a conversation with your healthcare provider, not a replacement.

How to Use Our CVD Risk Calculator

Enter your health details below to estimate your 10-year risk of heart disease and stroke. The calculator will show your risk as a percentage, place you in a risk category, and show how treatments like statins or blood pressure medicine could lower your risk.

Risk Model: Choose between PREVENT™ (for ages 30–79) or Pooled Cohort/PCE (for ages 40–79) using the tabs at the top. PREVENT is the newer model and includes more health factors.

High-Risk Pre-Check: Check the box if you have moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease or familial hypercholesterolaemia. If either applies, you are already high risk and do not need a score. Otherwise, leave "Neither" checked and continue.

Age: Enter your age in years. PREVENT accepts ages 30 to 79.1 Pooled Cohort accepts ages 40 to 79.2

Sex: Select Female or Male. The calculator uses different formulas for each sex.

Race/Ethnicity: This field only appears in Pooled Cohort mode. Choose White, African American, or Other. This is optional but can improve accuracy.

Smoking Status: Select Never, Former, or Current. If you pick Former, a follow-up question will ask how long ago you quit.

Cholesterol Units: Pick mg/dL or mmol/L. The calculator will convert your values automatically if you switch units.

Total Cholesterol: Enter your total cholesterol level from a recent blood test. Normal range is 150–200 mg/dL or 3.9–5.2 mmol/L.

HDL Cholesterol: Enter your HDL ("good") cholesterol level. Normal range is 40–60 mg/dL or 1.0–1.5 mmol/L. The TC:HDL ratio is calculated for you.

Statin Medication: This field only appears in PREVENT mode. Select Yes if you currently take a statin or other lipid-lowering drug.

Systolic Blood Pressure: Enter the top number from your blood pressure reading in mmHg. Normal is around 120 mmHg.

Diastolic Blood Pressure: This field only appears in Pooled Cohort mode. Enter the bottom number from your blood pressure reading in mmHg.

Anti-Hypertensive Medication: Select Yes if you currently take medicine to lower your blood pressure.

Diabetes: Select Yes if you have been diagnosed with diabetes.

BMI: This field only appears in PREVENT mode. Enter your body mass index (18.5–39.9). Click the ⓘ calc button if you need help figuring out your BMI from your weight and height, or use our full BMI Calculator for a detailed breakdown.

eGFR: This field only appears in PREVENT mode. Enter your estimated glomerular filtration rate, which measures kidney function. Normal is 90–120 mL/min/1.73m². If you need to estimate this value from your lab results, our GFR Calculator can help.

Outcome Models: In PREVENT mode, check which outcomes you want to see: ASCVD (heart attack and stroke), Heart Failure, or CVD Total (both combined).

Once all fields are filled in, click Calculate Risk to see your results. You can click Reset to clear all inputs back to default values or Print Results to save a copy.

What Is a CVD Risk Calculator?

A CVD (cardiovascular disease) risk calculator estimates your chance of having a heart attack, stroke, or heart failure within the next 10 years. It uses numbers from basic health tests (like blood pressure, cholesterol, and kidney function) along with your age, sex, and lifestyle habits to give you a personalized risk score. Doctors use this score to decide if you need medicine, lifestyle changes, or closer monitoring.

How Does This Calculator Work?

This tool supports two proven risk models. The AHA PREVENT™ model works for adults ages 30 to 79 and factors in BMI, kidney health (eGFR), and statin use. It can estimate your risk for ASCVD (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease), heart failure, or total CVD. The Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) model works for adults ages 40 to 79 and uses race, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and blood pressure to estimate 10-year ASCVD risk. For a focused look at atherosclerotic risk alone, see our ASCVD Risk Calculator.

What Do the Results Mean?

Your 10-year risk score falls into one of four groups:

  • Low risk: Less than 5%. Heart attack or stroke is unlikely in the next 10 years.
  • Borderline risk: 5% to 7.5%. You may benefit from healthy lifestyle changes.
  • Intermediate risk: 7.5% to 20%. Your doctor may suggest medicine like a statin along with diet and exercise.
  • High risk: 20% or higher. Treatment with medicine is strongly recommended.

Why Does Cardiovascular Risk Matter?

Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Many heart attacks and strokes can be prevented when risk is caught early. A risk score helps you and your doctor act before problems start, not after. Even small changes, like lowering blood pressure by 10 points or quitting smoking, can drop your risk by a meaningful amount. This calculator shows you those therapy scenarios so you can see the real impact of each change.

Important Notes

This calculator is an educational tool. It does not replace advice from your doctor. If you have moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease or familial hypercholesterolaemia, you are already considered high risk and do not need a score. Talk to your doctor about treatment right away. Always use real lab values from a recent blood test for the most accurate result.


Formulas used

PREVENT 10-year risk (logistic model)
\text{Risk} = \frac{1}{1 + e^{-LP}} \times 100\%
PREVENT linear predictor 1
LP = \beta_0 + \sum \beta_i\,x_i + \sum \beta_{ij}\,x_i\,x_j, \quad \text{age}_c = \frac{\text{Age} - 55}{10},\; \text{nonHDL}_c = (TC - HDL)_{\text{mmol/L}} - 3.5
Pooled Cohort (PCE) 10-year ASCVD risk 2
\text{Risk} = 1 - S_0^{\,\exp\!\left(\sum \beta_i\,x_i \;-\; \bar{x}\right)}
TC : HDL ratio
\text{Ratio} = \frac{TC}{HDL}
BMI from weight and height
BMI = \frac{w\;(\text{kg})}{\left[\,h\;(\text{m})\,\right]^2}
Statin therapy projection (non-HDL reduction)
TC_{\text{adj}} = HDL + 0.7 \times (TC - HDL)

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations?

PREVENT™ is a newer model from the American Heart Association. It works for ages 30 to 79 and includes BMI, kidney function (eGFR), and statin use.1 It can estimate risk for heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. The Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) is an older model that works for ages 40 to 79.2 It uses race as a factor but does not include BMI or kidney function. PREVENT is generally recommended for most adults today because it covers more health factors and a wider age range.

Which risk model should I choose?

If you are between 30 and 79 years old and have your BMI and eGFR values, choose PREVENT™. It is the more up-to-date model. If you are between 40 and 79 and do not have your BMI or eGFR, or if your doctor specifically uses Pooled Cohort Equations, choose PCE. Both models give a valid 10-year risk estimate.

What does a 10-year risk score of 12% mean?

A score of 12% means that out of 100 people with your same health profile, about 12 would be expected to have a heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years. That falls in the intermediate risk category, which the cholesterol guideline puts at 7.5% to 19.9%.3 Your doctor may suggest lifestyle changes and possibly medicine like a statin to lower that number.

What is eGFR and where do I find it?

eGFR stands for estimated glomerular filtration rate. It measures how well your kidneys filter waste from your blood. A normal eGFR is 90 to 120 mL/min/1.73m². You can find your eGFR on a blood test report, often listed under kidney function or renal panel. This value is only needed in PREVENT™ mode.

What is non-HDL cholesterol?

Non-HDL cholesterol is your total cholesterol minus your HDL (good) cholesterol. It measures all the "bad" types of cholesterol in your blood, including LDL. The PREVENT™ model uses non-HDL cholesterol in its formula. You do not need to enter it separately. The calculator figures it out from your total cholesterol and HDL values.

What is the TC to HDL ratio shown in the results?

The TC:HDL ratio is your total cholesterol divided by your HDL cholesterol. A ratio below 4.0 is considered good. A ratio above 5.0 may signal higher heart disease risk. The calculator computes this ratio automatically from the values you enter. It is shown for reference but is not directly used in the PREVENT or PCE formulas.

Why does race only appear in the Pooled Cohort model?

The Pooled Cohort Equations were built using separate formulas for White and African American adults. Race affects the coefficients used in the math. The newer PREVENT™ model was designed to work without race as a variable. The AHA removed race from PREVENT because it is a social category, not a biological one, and the model performs well without it.

How often should I check my cardiovascular risk?

Most guidelines suggest checking your CVD risk every 4 to 6 years starting at age 40. If you have risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, or smoking, your doctor may check more often. You should also recalculate after any major health change, like starting a new medicine or quitting smoking.

What is the difference between ASCVD, heart failure, and CVD total?

ASCVD stands for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It covers heart attacks and strokes caused by blocked arteries. Heart failure means the heart cannot pump blood well enough to meet the body's needs. CVD total combines both ASCVD and heart failure into one overall risk number. These three outcome options are available only in PREVENT™ mode.

What should I do if my risk is borderline or intermediate?

If your risk is borderline (5% to 7.5%) or intermediate (7.5% to 19.9%),3 talk to your doctor about next steps. They may suggest lifestyle changes like eating healthier, exercising more, or quitting smoking. They might also order extra tests like a coronary calcium scan to get more information. Medicine like a statin may be considered depending on your full health picture.

Does family history of heart disease affect my score?

Family history is not directly included in the PREVENT™ or PCE formulas. However, having a parent or sibling who had a heart attack or stroke at a young age is a known risk enhancer. If your score is borderline or intermediate, a strong family history may push your doctor to recommend more aggressive treatment. Be sure to mention family history during your visit.


Sources

  1. Khan SS, Matsushita K, Sang Y, et al. Development and validation of the American Heart Association's PREVENT equations. Circulation. 2024;149(6):430-449. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067626. Accessed September 3, 2026.
  2. Goff DC Jr, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S49-S73. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98. Accessed September 3, 2026.
  3. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol. Circulation. 2019;139(25):e1082-e1143. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000625. Accessed September 3, 2026.