Health calculators

PREVENT Calculator

Updated Jun 28, 2026 By Jehan Wadia
This calculator is intended for primary prevention patients (those without existing cardiovascular disease) only.
Domain A — Cardiovascular Health
Cholesterol Units
Sex
Valid: 30–79
Valid: 90–200
Currently Smoking
Anti-Hypertensive Med
Lipid-Lowering Med (Statin)
Domain B — Kidney Health
Valid: 15–140
Domain C — Metabolic Health
Studied range: 18.5–39.9
Diabetes


Introduction

The PREVENT Calculator estimates your risk of heart disease, heart attack, stroke, and heart failure over the next 10 to 30 years. It uses the AHA PREVENT™ equations, developed by the American Heart Association in 2023 to replace the older Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE). These newer equations are more accurate because they include kidney health (eGFR) and metabolic health (BMI) — two important risk factors the old calculator left out. If you are looking for the older model, see our ASCVD Risk Calculator or broader CVD Risk Calculator.

This tool is built for primary prevention only. That means it is for adults aged 30 to 79 who have not already been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. If you already have heart disease, these estimates do not apply to you.

To use the calculator, enter your age, sex, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, eGFR, BMI, and whether you smoke, have diabetes, or take medications for blood pressure or cholesterol. The tool then calculates three separate risk scores: total cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and heart failure (HF). It also provides treatment guidance based on your results and shows a step-by-step breakdown of the math behind your ASCVD score.

Share your results with your doctor. This calculator is an educational tool and does not replace professional medical advice.

How to Use Our PREVENT Calculator

Enter your health details below to estimate your 10-year and 30-year risk of heart disease, heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. The calculator will also show treatment guidance based on your results.

Sex: Choose your biological sex. The calculator uses different equations for males and females.

Age: Enter your age in years. You must be between 30 and 79 years old to use this tool. If you need to verify your exact age, our Age Calculator can help.

Cholesterol Units: Pick mg/dL or mmol/L based on your lab report. The calculator will convert your values automatically if you switch units.

Total Cholesterol: Enter your total cholesterol number from a recent blood test. For a deeper look at how your cholesterol values relate to each other, try our Cholesterol Ratio Calculator.

HDL Cholesterol: Enter your HDL or "good" cholesterol number from a recent blood test.

Systolic Blood Pressure: Enter the top number of your blood pressure reading in mmHg. Valid values are 90 to 200. You can also explore your Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) for additional insight into your blood pressure profile.

Currently Smoking: Select Yes if you currently smoke cigarettes. Select No if you do not.

Anti-Hypertensive Medication: Select Yes if you currently take medicine to lower your blood pressure.

Lipid-Lowering Medication (Statin): Select Yes if you currently take a statin or other medicine to lower your cholesterol.

eGFR: Enter your estimated glomerular filtration rate from a recent lab test. This measures how well your kidneys work. Valid values are 15 to 140. If you need to calculate this value from your lab results, use our GFR Calculator. A related measure you may also have on your lab report is creatinine clearance, which you can check with our Creatinine Clearance Calculator.

BMI: Enter your body mass index in kg/m². If you do not know your BMI, click the "Calculate BMI" button built into the form, or use our standalone BMI Calculator for a more detailed breakdown including BMI categories.

Diabetes: Select Yes if you have been diagnosed with diabetes. Select No if you have not. If you have diabetes and want to track your blood sugar management, our A1C Calculator can convert between average blood glucose and HbA1c values.

Once all fields are filled in, click the Calculate button. Your results will show estimated risk percentages for total cardiovascular disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and heart failure. You will also see treatment suggestions and a step-by-step breakdown of the math behind your ASCVD score.

What Is the AHA PREVENT Calculator?

The AHA PREVENT™ (Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs) calculator estimates your chance of developing heart disease over the next 10 or 30 years. It was created by the American Heart Association in 2023 to replace older risk tools like the Pooled Cohort Equations. It is designed for adults ages 30 to 79 who do not already have heart disease.

What Does It Measure?

This calculator gives you three separate risk scores:

  • Total CVD Risk — Your overall chance of any cardiovascular disease, including heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. For a general overview of cardiovascular risk without the PREVENT model, you can also see our CVD Risk Calculator.
  • ASCVD Risk — Your chance of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which means heart attack and stroke caused by blocked arteries. Our ASCVD Risk Calculator uses the older Pooled Cohort Equations if you want to compare results.
  • Heart Failure Risk — Your chance of developing heart failure, a condition where the heart cannot pump blood well enough.

What Makes PREVENT Different?

Older heart risk calculators did not include kidney health or body weight. The PREVENT model adds eGFR (a measure of how well your kidneys work) and BMI (body mass index) as required inputs. These two factors have a strong link to heart disease. You can determine your eGFR with our GFR Calculator and your BMI with our BMI Calculator if you do not already have these values. The model also removes race as an input, which makes it more fair and accurate across populations.

Another key change is that PREVENT accounts for whether you already take blood pressure medicine or a statin. This matters because these medications change how your blood pressure and cholesterol numbers relate to your actual risk.

What Inputs Do You Need?

To use this calculator, you need your age, sex, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, eGFR, and BMI. You also need to know if you smoke, have diabetes, or take blood pressure or cholesterol medications. Most of these values come from a basic blood test and a doctor visit. If you want to understand how your cholesterol numbers compare, our Cholesterol Ratio Calculator can provide additional context. For understanding body composition beyond BMI, tools like our Body Fat Calculator or Waist to Hip Ratio Calculator offer complementary insights.

How Are the Results Used?

Doctors use your PREVENT risk score to decide whether you may benefit from treatments like statins or blood pressure drugs. A 10-year ASCVD risk below 5% is considered low. A risk of 5% to 7.4% is borderline. A risk of 7.5% to 19.9% is intermediate, and 20% or higher is high. The higher your score, the more likely your doctor will recommend medication along with lifestyle changes.

Lifestyle factors play a major role in reducing cardiovascular risk. Maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and eating well can all help lower your score over time. Our Calorie Calculator and TDEE Calculator can help you understand your daily energy needs, while our Weight Loss Calculator can support safe weight management goals. Tracking cardiovascular fitness with tools like our VO2 Max Calculator or Target Heart Rate Calculator can also guide exercise planning.

This tool is meant for primary prevention only. If you have already had a heart attack, stroke, or other cardiovascular event, this calculator does not apply to you. Always discuss your results with your doctor before making any health decisions.


Formulas used

Non-HDL Cholesterol
\text{non-HDL} = \text{TC}_{\text{mmol/L}} - \text{HDL}_{\text{mmol/L}}
Predictor Centering Transforms
\text{age}_c = \frac{\text{age} - 55}{10},\quad \text{nonHDL}_c = \text{nonHDL} - 3.5,\quad \text{HDL}_c = \frac{\text{HDL} - 1.3}{0.3}
SBP and eGFR Linear Spline Transforms
\text{SBP}_{<} = \frac{\min(\text{SBP},110)-110}{20},\quad \text{SBP}_{\ge} = \frac{\max(\text{SBP},110)-130}{20},\quad \text{eGFR}_{<} = \frac{\min(\text{eGFR},60)-60}{-15},\quad \text{eGFR}_{\ge} = \frac{\max(\text{eGFR},60)-90}{-15}
PREVENT Linear Predictor (main effects + interactions)
LP = \beta_0 + \sum_i \beta_i \, x_i + \sum_{i,j} \beta_{ij} \, x_i \, x_j
Logistic Risk Function
\text{Risk} = \frac{1}{1 + e^{-LP}}
BMI Calculation
\text{BMI} = \frac{\text{weight (kg)}}{\text{height (m)}^2} \quad \text{or} \quad \frac{703 \times \text{weight (lb)}}{\text{height (in)}^2}

Frequently asked questions

What is a good PREVENT score?

A 10-year ASCVD risk below 5% is considered low. A score of 5% to 7.4% is borderline. A score of 7.5% to 19.9% is intermediate. A score of 20% or higher is high. Lower scores mean a smaller chance of heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years.

Why does the calculator ask for eGFR?

eGFR measures how well your kidneys filter waste from your blood. Poor kidney function raises your risk of heart disease. The PREVENT model includes eGFR because research shows kidney health is closely tied to heart health. You can find this number on a standard blood test result.

What if my BMI is outside the 18.5 to 39.9 range?

If your BMI is outside 18.5 to 39.9 kg/m², the calculator will still show your Total CVD and ASCVD risk scores. However, it cannot estimate heart failure risk because the PREVENT equations were not studied in people with BMI values outside that range.

Why do I not see a 30-year risk result?

The 30-year risk estimate is only available for people aged 30 to 59. If you are 60 or older, the calculator will show your 10-year risk but display a note explaining that 30-year estimates are not available for your age group.

Can I use this calculator if I already have heart disease?

No. This calculator is for primary prevention only. That means it is designed for people who have not been diagnosed with heart disease, had a heart attack, or had a stroke. If you already have cardiovascular disease, talk to your doctor about secondary prevention tools.

How is PREVENT different from the Pooled Cohort Equations?

The PREVENT model adds kidney function (eGFR) and BMI as inputs, which the older Pooled Cohort Equations did not include. It also removes race as a variable, accounts for statin and blood pressure medication use, estimates heart failure risk separately, and covers ages 30 to 79 instead of 40 to 79.

Why does it matter if I take a statin or blood pressure medicine?

These medications lower your cholesterol or blood pressure numbers. Without adjusting for medication use, the calculator would see those lower numbers and underestimate your true risk. The PREVENT model adjusts its math to account for the effect of these drugs.

What cholesterol units should I use?

Use the units shown on your lab report. In the United States, cholesterol is usually reported in mg/dL. In many other countries, it is reported in mmol/L. You can switch units at the top of the calculator and your entered values will convert automatically.

What is the difference between Total CVD and ASCVD risk?

Total CVD risk includes all types of cardiovascular disease — heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. ASCVD risk covers only atherosclerotic events like heart attack and stroke caused by blocked arteries. ASCVD risk is typically lower because it does not include heart failure.

How often should I recalculate my PREVENT score?

Recalculate whenever your health numbers change. This usually means after a new blood test or doctor visit, or after a major change like starting a new medication, quitting smoking, or losing weight. Most doctors recommend checking at least once a year.

What is non-HDL cholesterol and why does the calculator use it?

Non-HDL cholesterol is your total cholesterol minus your HDL cholesterol. It captures all the "bad" cholesterol types in one number, including LDL and VLDL. The PREVENT equations use non-HDL cholesterol because research shows it predicts heart risk better than LDL alone.

Does this calculator work for people under 30 or over 79?

No. The PREVENT equations were developed and validated for adults aged 30 to 79. If you enter an age outside this range, the calculator will show an error. The results would not be reliable for people younger than 30 or older than 79.

What does the step-by-step solution show?

The step-by-step section breaks down the math behind your 10-year ASCVD risk score. It shows how your cholesterol is converted, how each risk factor is transformed, how the weighted sum (linear predictor) is calculated, and how the final percentage is produced using the logistic function.

Is this calculator accurate for all races and ethnicities?

The PREVENT model was designed to work across racial and ethnic groups. Unlike the older Pooled Cohort Equations, it does not use race as an input variable. It was validated in diverse populations, but individual accuracy may still vary. Discuss your results with your doctor.

What should I do if my risk is high?

Share your results with your doctor. A high risk score means you may benefit from lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, eating healthier, exercising, and losing weight. Your doctor may also recommend medications such as statins or blood pressure drugs. Do not start or stop any medication without medical advice.

Can I switch between mg/dL and mmol/L after entering my values?

Yes. When you switch the cholesterol unit toggle, the calculator automatically converts any values you already entered. You do not need to re-enter your numbers. Just make sure the converted values look correct before clicking Calculate.

Why does smoking have such a big effect on the score?

Smoking damages blood vessel walls, raises blood pressure, lowers HDL cholesterol, and makes blood more likely to clot. These effects significantly increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. Quitting smoking is one of the most effective ways to lower your cardiovascular risk.

Does this tool give medical advice?

No. This calculator is an educational tool that estimates risk based on published equations. It does not diagnose any condition or prescribe treatment. The treatment suggestions shown are based on general guidelines. Always talk to your doctor before making health decisions.